Pharmacy Care Systems, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2010 Jan-Feb;50(1):52-61. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2010.09036.
To compare earlier (sustainers) and later (new) adopters in terms of pharmacy characteristics and characteristics of in-house vaccination services and to identify how sustainers modified their in-house vaccination services over time.
Nonexperimental multistage study.
Washington State during 2003, 2004, and 2006-2007.
Community pharmacies included in this study's analyses must have participated in all data collection stages and provided in-house vaccination services during the third stage. Based on key informants' self-reports, those who had provided in-house services before or since 2003 were sustainers and those who started their services after 2004 were new adopters.
Mixed-mode survey.
Pharmacy characteristics and characteristics of in-house vaccination services offered in 2003 and 2006 were measured in terms of service accessibility, scope, and supportive personnel.
A total of 37 sustainers and 27 new adopters met the inclusion criteria. The majority of independent and supermarket pharmacies were sustainers, whereas the majority of chain and mass merchant pharmacies were new adopters. In-house services offered by sustainers were broader in service accessibility and scope and involved a greater number of pharmacists trained in immunization delivery than services offered by new adopters in the same year. Further, when comparing sustainers' in-house services offered in 2003 and 2006, the 2006 services were expanded to provide year-round services, involved a greater number of settings, included services to adolescents, and involved a greater number of trained pharmacists.
Community pharmacies started their in-house vaccination services on a small scale and later expanded to a larger scale. Pharmacies with expanded in-house services can make greater contributions to their business, their patients, and the profession by bringing in additional revenues, improving vaccination rates among high-risk patients, and facilitating the growth of pharmacy-based services.
比较在药房特征和内部疫苗接种服务特征方面的早期（维持者）和后期（新采用者）采用者，并确定维持者如何随时间修改其内部疫苗接种服务。
非实验多阶段研究。
华盛顿州，2003 年、2004 年和 2006-2007 年。
本研究分析中包含的社区药房必须参加所有数据收集阶段，并在第三阶段提供内部疫苗接种服务。根据主要知情人的自我报告，那些在 2003 年之前或之后提供内部服务的人是维持者，而那些在 2004 年之后开始提供服务的人是新采用者。
混合模式调查。
2003 年和 2006 年提供的药房特征和内部疫苗接种服务特征，根据服务可及性、范围和支持人员进行测量。
共有 37 名维持者和 27 名新采用者符合纳入标准。独立和超市药房主要是维持者，而连锁和大型零售商药房主要是新采用者。维持者提供的内部服务在服务可及性和范围方面更加广泛，并且涉及更多接受过免疫接种培训的药剂师，而新采用者在同一年提供的服务则较少。此外，在比较维持者在 2003 年和 2006 年提供的内部服务时，2006 年的服务扩大到提供全年服务，涉及更多的服务地点，包括为青少年提供服务，并涉及更多接受过培训的药剂师。
社区药房以小规模开始其内部疫苗接种服务，后来扩大到更大规模。通过带来额外收入、提高高风险患者的疫苗接种率以及促进基于药房的服务的增长，扩大内部服务的药房可以为其业务、患者和专业做出更大的贡献。
