药师干预对社区药房中带状疱疹疫苗接种的影响。
Effect of pharmacist intervention on herpes zoster vaccination in community pharmacies.
机构信息
College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
出版信息
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2013 Jan-Feb;53(1):46-53. doi: 10.1331/JAPhA.2013.12019.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of community pharmacy-based interventions in increasing vaccination rates for the herpes zoster vaccine.
DESIGN
Prospective intervention study with a pre-post design.
SETTING
Three independent community pharmacies in Tennessee, from December 2007 to June 2008.
PATIENTS
Patients whose pharmacy profiles indicated that they were eligible for the vaccine and patients presenting to receive the vaccine at study sites.
INTERVENTION
Pharmacists promoted the herpes zoster vaccine through a press release published in local newspapers, a flyer accompanying each prescription dispensed at participating pharmacies, and a personalized letter mailed to patients whose pharmacy profiles indicated that they were eligible for the vaccine.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Comparison of vaccination rates for the herpes zoster vaccine during the control and intervention periods and patients' indication for their sources of education and influence in receiving the vaccine.
RESULTS
Vaccination rates increased from 0.37% (n = 59 of 16,121) during the control period to 1.20% (n = 193 of 16,062) during the intervention period ( P < 0.0001). Cochran-Armitage trend analyses, including the months before and after the interventions, confirmed a significantly higher vaccination rate during the intervention month than other months analyzed. More patients indicated that they were educated about the herpes zoster vaccine by one of the pharmacist-driven interventions than by a physician, family/friend, or other source during the intervention period ( P < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Also, more patients were influenced to receive the vaccination as a result of one of the pharmacist-driven interventions than influenced by a physician ( P = 0.0260) or other source ( P < 0.0001). No difference in the effectiveness of patient influence was found when the pharmacy interventions were compared with family/friends ( P = 0.1025).
CONCLUSION
Three pharmacist-driven interventions were effective in increasing vaccination rates for the herpes zoster vaccine.
目的
评估基于社区药房的干预措施在提高带状疱疹疫苗接种率方面的效果。
设计
前瞻性干预研究，采用前后设计。
地点
田纳西州的三家独立社区药房，时间为 2007 年 12 月至 2008 年 6 月。
患者
药房档案显示符合接种条件的患者，以及在研究地点接受疫苗接种的患者。
干预措施
药剂师通过在当地报纸上发布新闻稿、在参与药房发放的每份处方上附上传单，以及向药房档案显示符合接种条件的患者邮寄个性化信件，来推广带状疱疹疫苗。
主要观察指标
比较对照组和干预组的带状疱疹疫苗接种率，以及患者接受疫苗接种的教育来源和影响因素。
结果
接种率从对照组的 0.37%（16121 例中的 59 例）上升到干预组的 1.20%（16062 例中的 193 例）（P<0.0001）。包括干预前后几个月的 Cochran-Armitage 趋势分析证实，干预月份的接种率明显高于其他月份。在干预期间，更多的患者表示他们是通过药剂师驱动的干预措施之一而不是医生、家人/朋友或其他来源了解带状疱疹疫苗的，在所有比较中（P<0.0001）。此外，更多的患者因药剂师驱动的干预措施而受到影响而接种疫苗，而不是受到医生（P=0.0260）或其他来源（P<0.0001）的影响。当将药房干预措施与家人/朋友进行比较时，在患者影响的有效性方面没有发现差异（P=0.1025）。
结论
三种药剂师驱动的干预措施有效提高了带状疱疹疫苗的接种率。
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