Green L, Rachlin H
Department of Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1991 Mar;55(2):133-43. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1991.55-133.
Concurrent variable-ratio schedules of electrical brain stimulation, food, and water were paired in various combinations as reinforcement of rats' lever presses. Relative prices of the concurrent reinforcers were varied by changing the ratio of the response requirements on the two levers. Economic substitutability, measured by the sensitivity of response ratio to changes in relative price, was highest with brain stimulation reinforcement of presses on both levers and lowest with food reinforcement of presses on one lever and water reinforcement of presses on the other. Substitutability with brain stimulation reinforcement of presses on one lever and either food or water reinforcement for presses on the other was about as high as with brain stimulation for presses on both levers. Electrical brain stimulation for rats may thus serve as an economic substitute for two reinforcers, neither of which is substitutable for the other.
将电刺激大脑、食物和水的并发可变比率强化程序以各种组合方式配对，作为大鼠杠杆按压的强化物。通过改变两个杠杆上的反应要求比率来改变并发强化物的相对价格。以反应比率对相对价格变化的敏感度来衡量的经济替代性，在两个杠杆上的按压都由大脑刺激强化时最高，而在一个杠杆上的按压由食物强化、另一个杠杆上的按压由水强化时最低。一个杠杆上的按压由大脑刺激强化、另一个杠杆上的按压由食物或水强化时的替代性，与两个杠杆上的按压都由大脑刺激强化时大致相同。因此，对大鼠进行电刺激大脑可以作为两种强化物的经济替代品，而这两种强化物彼此之间不可替代。
