Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Diagnosis, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
J Periodontol. 2010 May;81(5):710-7. doi: 10.1902/jop.2010.090630.
Smoking is the most important environmental risk factor for periodontal disease. Elevated levels of serum-soluble CD44 (sCD44) have been detected in smokers and also have been recognized as a diagnostic marker in some smoking-induced diseases. The present study investigates the salivary sCD44 profiles of smokers and non-smokers with and without chronic periodontitis in response to scaling and root planing (SRP).
The study included 44 subjects divided into two groups: 22 patients with chronic periodontitis and 22 periodontally healthy subjects. Both groups were equally subdivided into smokers (n = 11) and non-smokers (n = 11). Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded only for chronic periodontitis patients. Salivary samples were collected from all 44 patients at baseline and after 1 month of SRP from the 22 chronic periodontitis patients. Assay for salivary sCD44 was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Baseline salivary sCD44 profiles were significantly higher when smokers were compared to non-smokers in both chronic periodontitis patients and the control subjects (P <0.001) with the highest levels recorded in smokers within the chronic periodontitis group. There was a significant decline in salivary sCD44 levels after treatment in the chronic periodontitis group for both smokers and non-smokers (P <0.01); however, the difference between groups was insignificant.
Salivary sCD44 might be considered a biomarker of periodontal destruction in smokers and non-smokers. The research opens the door to further research into a role for CD44 as a diagnostic marker for periodontitis.
吸烟是牙周病最重要的环境风险因素。吸烟者血清可溶性 CD44（sCD44）水平升高，并且在一些由吸烟引起的疾病中已被确认为诊断标志物。本研究调查了吸烟者和非吸烟者在接受牙周刮治和根面平整（SRP）前后唾液 sCD44 谱的变化，这些患者患有或不患有慢性牙周炎。
本研究共纳入 44 名患者，分为两组：22 名慢性牙周炎患者和 22 名牙周健康者。两组均进一步分为吸烟者（n=11）和非吸烟者（n=11）。仅对慢性牙周炎患者记录菌斑指数、牙龈指数、探诊深度和临床附着水平。所有 44 名患者均在基线和 22 名慢性牙周炎患者中接受 SRP 治疗 1 个月后采集唾液样本。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测唾液 sCD44。
与非吸烟者相比，慢性牙周炎患者和对照组中吸烟者的基线唾液 sCD44 水平明显更高（P<0.001），且慢性牙周炎组吸烟者的 sCD44 水平最高。慢性牙周炎组中吸烟者和非吸烟者在接受 SRP 治疗后唾液 sCD44 水平均显著下降（P<0.01）；但组间差异无统计学意义。
唾液 sCD44 可能被认为是吸烟者和非吸烟者牙周破坏的生物标志物。本研究为进一步研究 CD44 作为牙周炎诊断标志物的作用开辟了道路。
