Aberer W
Department of Dermatology I, University of Vienna, Austria.
Contact Dermatitis. 1991 Jan;24(1):6-10. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1991.tb01621.x.
Thimerosal sensitivity is extremely common in Austria, being surpassed as a contact allergen only by nickel. This high incidence is still rising and is probably due to the frequent vaccinations which are performed in Austria. Most of the patch-test-positive patients had recently been immunized with thimerosal-containing vaccines, and no other obvious sources of exposure to thimerosal could be found. On retrospective questioning, 48 out of 50 patients had had no problems with their recent immunization; the 2 who reported massive local reactions had received their injections, against the recommendation of the manufacturer, subcutaneously. In a prospective study, 12 thimerosal-sensitized persons received their follow-up immunization at our department, and no side effects occurred. This enables us to conclude that sensitization had occurred through vaccines, but that those amounts of thimerosal delivered i.m. are not sufficient to elicit clinical symptoms. Patch-test positivity to thimerosal thus represents no contra-indication to i.m. immunization with thimerosal-containing vaccines.
硫柳汞过敏在奥地利极为常见，作为接触性过敏原，其发生率仅次于镍。这种高发生率仍在上升，可能是由于奥地利频繁进行疫苗接种所致。大多数斑贴试验呈阳性的患者近期接种了含硫柳汞的疫苗，且未发现其他明显的硫柳汞接触源。经回顾性询问，50名患者中有48人近期接种疫苗并无问题；报告有严重局部反应的2人是在违背制造商建议的情况下进行了皮下注射。在一项前瞻性研究中，12名硫柳汞致敏者在我们科室接受了后续免疫接种，未出现副作用。由此我们可以得出结论，致敏是由疫苗引起的，但肌肉注射的硫柳汞剂量不足以引发临床症状。因此，硫柳汞斑贴试验呈阳性并不代表禁忌肌肉注射含硫柳汞的疫苗。
