Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
Cognition. 2010 Aug;116(2):177-92. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.04.010. Epub 2010 May 23.
Controversy remains as to the scope of advanced planning in language production. Smith and Wheeldon (1999) found significantly longer onset latencies when subjects described moving-picture displays by producing sentences beginning with a complex noun phrase than for matched sentences beginning with a simple noun phrase. While these findings are consistent with a phrasal scope of planning, they might also be explained on the basis of: (1) greater retrieval fluency for the second content word in the simple initial noun phrase sentences and (2) visual grouping factors. In Experiments 1 and 2, retrieval fluency for the second content word was equated for the complex and simple initial noun phrase conditions. Experiments 3 and 4 addressed the visual grouping hypothesis by using stationary displays and by comparing onset latencies for the same display for sentence and list productions. Longer onset latencies for the sentences beginning with a complex noun phrase were obtained in all experiments, supporting the phrasal scope of planning hypothesis. The results indicate that in speech, as in other motor production domains, planning occurs beyond the minimal production unit.
关于语言产生中的高级计划的范围，仍然存在争议。Smith 和 Wheeldon（1999）发现，当受试者通过用以复杂名词短语开头的句子来描述动态显示时，与以简单名词短语开头的匹配句子相比，起始潜伏期明显更长。虽然这些发现与短语范围的规划一致，但也可以基于以下两点来解释：（1）简单初始名词短语句子中第二个内容词的检索流畅度更高，以及（2）视觉分组因素。在实验 1 和 2 中，为复杂和简单初始名词短语条件匹配了第二个内容词的检索流畅度。实验 3 和 4 通过使用静止显示以及比较用于句子和列表生成的相同显示的起始潜伏期来解决视觉分组假设。在所有实验中，以复杂名词短语开头的句子的起始潜伏期更长，这支持了短语范围规划的假设。结果表明，在言语中，与其他运动产生领域一样，计划发生在最小生产单元之外。
