Unidade de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 96 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.
Curr Genomics. 2009 Dec;10(8):550-7. doi: 10.2174/138920209789503941.
In eukaryotes, the nuclear membrane provides a physical barrier to the passive diffusion of macromolecules from and into the cytoplasm. Nucleocytoplasmic traffic occurs through highly specialized structures known as nuclear pores, and involves the participation of a special class of transport proteins. Active transport across the nuclear pores is an energy-dependent process that relies on the activity of Ran-GTPases both in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Nuclear import of proteins is an essential step in regulating gene expression and the replication cycle of several viruses. In this review, the key mechanisms, pathways, and models underlying the transport of proteins across nuclear pores are analysed.
在真核生物中，核膜为大分子从细胞质被动扩散到细胞质和从细胞质扩散到核内提供了物理屏障。核质运输通过高度专门化的结构即核孔进行，并且涉及特殊类别的转运蛋白的参与。穿过核孔的主动运输是一个依赖能量的过程，该过程依赖于核质两部分中 Ran-GTPases 的活性。蛋白质的核输入是调节基因表达和几种病毒的复制周期的重要步骤。在这篇综述中，分析了蛋白质穿过核孔运输的关键机制、途径和模型。
