Department of Molecular Evolution, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
Nat Rev Genet. 2010 Jul;11(7):465-75. doi: 10.1038/nrg2798.
Host-adapted bacteria include mutualists and pathogens of animals, plants and insects. Their study is therefore important for biotechnology, biodiversity and human health. The recent rapid expansion in bacterial genome data has provided insights into the adaptive, diversifying and reductive evolutionary processes that occur during host adaptation. The results have challenged many pre-existing concepts built from studies of laboratory bacterial strains. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed genetic changes associated with transitions from parasitism to mutualism and opened new research avenues to understand the functional reshaping of bacteria as they adapt to growth in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic host.
宿主适应细菌包括动物、植物和昆虫的共生菌和病原体。因此，它们的研究对于生物技术、生物多样性和人类健康都很重要。最近，细菌基因组数据的快速扩展为宿主适应过程中发生的适应性、多样化和简化进化过程提供了新的认识。这些结果挑战了许多基于实验室细菌株研究建立的现有概念。此外，最近的研究揭示了与从寄生到共生的转变相关的遗传变化，并为了解细菌在适应真核宿主细胞质生长时的功能重塑开辟了新的研究途径。
