Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011 Feb 1;14(3):439-57. doi: 10.1089/ars.2010.3286. Epub 2010 Aug 26.
Mitochondria are at the center of cellular energy metabolism and regulate cell life and death. The cell biological aspect of mitochondria, especially mitochondrial dynamics, has drawn much attention through implications in human pathology, including neurological disorders and metabolic diseases. Mitochondrial fission and fusion are the main processes governing the morphological plasticity and are controlled by multiple factors, including mechanochemical enzymes and accessory proteins. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics plays an important role in metabolism-secretion coupling in pancreatic β-cells as well as complications of diabetes. This review describes an overview of mechanistic and functional aspects of mitochondrial fission and fusion, and comments on the recent advances connecting mitochondrial dynamics with diabetes and diabetic complications.
线粒体是细胞能量代谢的中心,调节细胞的生与死。线粒体的细胞生物学方面,尤其是线粒体动力学,通过在人类病理学中的意义,包括神经紊乱和代谢疾病,引起了广泛关注。线粒体的分裂和融合是控制形态可塑性的主要过程,受多种因素的控制,包括机械化学酶和辅助蛋白。新出现的证据表明,线粒体动力学在胰腺β细胞的代谢-分泌偶联以及糖尿病的并发症中起着重要作用。本文综述了线粒体分裂和融合的机制和功能方面,并评论了将线粒体动力学与糖尿病及其并发症联系起来的最新进展。