CIRAD, UPR AGIRs, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier, France.
BMC Genet. 2010 Jun 7;11:45. doi: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-45.
During the last decades, there has been an acceleration of the loss of domestic animal biodiversity. For conservation purposes, the genetic diversity of the H'Mong cattle, an indigenous local breed was studied. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the SRY gene and mtDNA D-Loop sequence were analysed to clarify the origin of the breed. The genetic diversity was assessed through genetic data with twenty-five FAO microsatellites, and morphometric data with five body measurements from 408 animals sampled from eight districts of the Ha Giang province.
The SRY genes were all of the zebu type. Among the 27 mtDNA haplotypes, 12 haplotypes were of the taurine type and the remaining 15 of the zebu type. This indicates female taurine introgression in the zebu H'Mong. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.616 to 0.673 and from 0.681 to 0.729 respectively according to district, with low genetic differentiation (F ST = 0.0076). Multivariate analysis on morphometric and genetic data shows a separation of districts into two groups following a south-west/north-east cline and admixture analysis confirmed the two clusters, but no differentiation of taurine introgression between clusters was observed. A possible admixture with the Yellow cattle breed from a neighbouring province was suggested through genetic data and householder interviews.
In this study we demonstrate the interest of fine-scale sampling for the study of genetic structure of local breeds. Such a study allows avoiding erroneous conservation policies and on the contrary, proposes measures for conserving and limiting crossbreeding between the H'Mong and the Yellow cattle breeds.
在过去几十年中，家养动物生物多样性的丧失速度加快。出于保护目的，对 H'Mong 牛这一本地品种的遗传多样性进行了研究。对 SRY 基因的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和 mtDNA D 环序列进行了分析，以阐明该品种的起源。通过 25 个粮农组织微卫星的遗传数据和来自八个下琅省地区的 408 头动物的 5 个体尺测量的形态计量数据评估了遗传多样性。
所有 SRY 基因均为瘤牛型。在 27 个 mtDNA 单倍型中，有 12 个单倍型为牛型，其余 15 个为瘤牛型。这表明雌性牛型在瘤牛 H'Mong 中存在渗入。根据地区，观察到的和预期的杂合度分别在 0.616 到 0.673 之间和 0.681 到 0.729 之间，遗传分化程度较低（F ST = 0.0076）。形态计量学和遗传数据的多元分析表明，根据地区将地区分为两组，呈西南/东北渐变，混合分析证实了这两个聚类，但未观察到聚类之间牛型渗入的分化。通过遗传数据和户主访谈，提示与来自邻近省份的黄牛品种存在混合。
在这项研究中，我们展示了对本地品种遗传结构进行精细采样研究的重要性。这种研究可以避免错误的保护政策，反而可以提出保护和限制 H'Mong 和黄牛品种之间杂交的措施。
