Li Meng-Hua, Tapio Ilma, Vilkki Johanna, Ivanova Zoya, Kiselyova Tatyana, Marzanov Nurby, Cinkulov Mirjana, Stojanović Srdjan, Ammosov Innokenty, Popov Ruslan, Kantanen Juha
Biotechnology and Food Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
Mol Ecol. 2007 Sep;16(18):3839-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03437.x.
We investigated the genetic structure and variation of 21 populations of cattle (Bos taurus) in northern Eurasia and the neighbouring Near Eastern regions of the Balkan, the Caucasus and Ukraine employing 30 microsatellite markers. By analyses of population relationships, as well as by a Bayesian-based clustering approach, we identified a genetic distinctness between populations of modern commercial origin and those of native origin. Our data suggested that northern European Russia represents the most heavily colonized area by modern commercial cattle. Further genetic mixture analyses based on individual assignment tests found that native Red Steppe cattle were also employed in the historical breeding practices in Eastern Europe, most probably for incorporating their strong and extensive adaptability. In analysis of molecular variance, within-population differences accounted for approximately 90% of the genetic variation. Despite some correspondence between geographical proximity and genetic similarity, genetic differentiation was observed to be significantly associated with the difference in breeding purpose among the European populations (percentage of variance among groups and significance: 2.99%, P = 0.02). Our findings give unique genetic insight into the historical patterns of cattle breeding practices in the former Soviet Union. The results identify the neighbouring Near Eastern regions such as the Balkan, the Caucasus and Ukraine, and the isolated Far Eastern Siberia as areas of 'genetic endemism', where cattle populations should be given conservation priority. The results will also be of importance for cost-effective management of their future utilization.
我们利用30个微卫星标记，对欧亚大陆北部以及巴尔干、高加索和乌克兰等邻近近东地区的21个牛（Bos taurus）种群的遗传结构和变异进行了研究。通过对种群关系的分析以及基于贝叶斯的聚类方法，我们确定了现代商业起源种群和本土起源种群之间的遗传差异。我们的数据表明，俄罗斯北欧地区是现代商业牛殖民化程度最高的地区。基于个体分配测试的进一步遗传混合分析发现，本土红草原牛也被用于东欧的历史育种实践中，很可能是为了融入它们强大而广泛的适应性。在分子方差分析中，种群内差异约占遗传变异的90%。尽管地理距离与遗传相似性之间存在一定对应关系，但观察到遗传分化与欧洲种群之间的育种目的差异显著相关（组间方差百分比和显著性：2.99%，P = 0.02）。我们的研究结果为前苏联牛育种实践的历史模式提供了独特的遗传见解。结果确定了巴尔干、高加索和乌克兰等邻近近东地区以及偏远的东西伯利亚为“遗传特有现象”地区，在这些地区牛种群应被优先保护。这些结果对于其未来利用的经济有效管理也将具有重要意义。
