Department of Education, University of Oxford, 15 Norham Gardens, Oxford, OX2 6PY, England.
Psychol Assess. 2010 Jun;22(2):366-81. doi: 10.1037/a0019225.
Self-esteem, typically measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), is one of the most widely studied constructs in psychology. Nevertheless, there is broad agreement that a simple unidimensional factor model, consistent with the original design and typical application in applied research, does not provide an adequate explanation of RSE responses. However, there is no clear agreement about what alternative model is most appropriate-or even a clear rationale for how to test competing interpretations. Three alternative interpretations exist: (a) 2 substantively important trait factors (positive and negative self-esteem), (b) 1 trait factor and ephemeral method artifacts associated with positively or negatively worded items, or (c) 1 trait factor and stable response-style method factors associated with item wording. We have posited 8 alternative models and structural equation model tests based on longitudinal data (4 waves of data across 8 years with a large, representative sample of adolescents). Longitudinal models provide no support for the unidimensional model, undermine support for the 2-factor model, and clearly refute claims that wording effects are ephemeral, but they provide good support for models positing 1 substantive (self-esteem) factor and response-style method factors that are stable over time. This longitudinal methodological approach has not only resolved these long-standing issues in self-esteem research but also has broad applicability to most psychological assessments based on self-reports with a mix of positively and negatively worded items.
自尊通常通过罗森伯格自尊量表（RSE）来衡量，是心理学中研究最广泛的结构之一。尽管如此，人们普遍认为，简单的单维因素模型，与原始设计和应用研究中的典型应用一致，不能充分解释 RSE 的反应。然而，对于哪种替代模型最合适，甚至对于如何检验竞争解释的合理依据，都没有明确的共识。存在三种替代解释：（a）两个实质性重要的特质因素（积极和消极的自尊），（b）一个特质因素和与积极或消极措辞项目相关的短暂方法伪影，或（c）一个特质因素和与项目措辞相关的稳定反应风格方法因素。我们提出了 8 种替代模型和基于纵向数据的结构方程模型检验（跨越 8 年的 4 个数据波，样本量较大且具有代表性的青少年）。纵向模型不支持单维模型，破坏了对 2 因素模型的支持，并明确驳斥了措辞效应是短暂的说法，但它们为假设 1 个实质性（自尊）因素和随时间稳定的反应风格方法因素的模型提供了很好的支持。这种纵向方法不仅解决了自尊研究中的这些长期问题，而且对大多数基于自我报告的心理评估也具有广泛的适用性，这些评估中包含了积极和消极措辞的项目。
