Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2010 Jun;53(3):684-98. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0126).
The authors investigated potential relationships between traditional linguistic domains (words, grammar) in the first (L1) and second (L2) languages of young sequential bilingual preschool children.
Participants were 19 children, ages 2;11 (years;months) to 5;2 (M = 4;3) who began learning Hmong as the L1 from birth and English as the L2 during early childhood. Measures were the number of different words (NDW) and mean length of utterance (MLU) produced during a story retell task and scores on picture identification, an independent measure of receptive vocabulary. Correlations were conducted to determine relationships among measures.
In English, there were robust positive relationships between MLU and lexical measures (NDW, Picture Identification). In Hmong, more modest cross-domain associations were evident between lexical measures and MLU. There were positive cross-language links for NDW but more limited cross-domain correspondences between the L1 and the L2.
In English, relationships between words and grammar were similar to those found in previous studies with monolingual and simultaneous bilingual toddlers. Weaker cross-domain associations in the L1 may reflect participants' greater development in Hmong or typological differences between the L1 and the L2.
作者研究了年轻顺序双语学龄前儿童第一语言（L1）和第二语言（L2）中传统语言领域（单词、语法）之间的潜在关系。
参与者为 19 名儿童，年龄在 2 岁 11 个月至 5 岁 2 个月之间（平均年龄为 4 岁 3 个月），他们从出生开始学习苗语作为第一语言，从小就开始学习英语作为第二语言。测量方法是在故事复述任务中产生的不同单词数量（NDW）和平均话语长度（MLU）以及图片识别分数，这是一个独立的接受性词汇量测量方法。进行了相关性分析，以确定测量结果之间的关系。
在英语中，MLU 和词汇测量（NDW、图片识别）之间存在着强大的正相关关系。在苗语中，词汇测量和 MLU 之间存在着更为适度的跨领域关联。NDW 存在跨语言的正相关关系，但 L1 和 L2 之间的跨领域对应关系更为有限。
在英语中，单词和语法之间的关系与以前对单语和同时双语幼儿的研究相似。L1 中较弱的跨领域关联可能反映出参与者在苗语方面的更大发展或 L1 和 L2 之间的类型差异。
