National Center for Environmental Health and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3717, USA.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2010 Jul;7(4):A76. Epub 2010 Jun 15.
Environmental factors greatly affect human health. Accordingly, environmental metrics are a key part of the community health information base. We review environmental metrics relevant to community health, including measurements of contaminants in environmental media, such as air, water, and food; measurements of contaminants in people (biomonitoring); measurements of features of the built environment that affect health; and measurements of "upstream" environmental conditions relevant to health. We offer a set of metrics (including unhealthy exposures, such as pollutants, and health-promoting assets, such as parks and green space) selected on the basis of relevance to health outcomes, magnitude of associated health outcomes, corroboration in the peer-reviewed literature, and data availability, especially at the community level, and we recommend ways to use these metrics most effectively.
环境因素对人类健康有重大影响。因此，环境指标是社区健康信息基础的关键部分。我们回顾了与社区健康相关的环境指标，包括环境介质（如空气、水和食物）中污染物的测量；人体（生物监测）中污染物的测量；影响健康的建筑环境特征的测量；以及与健康相关的“上游”环境条件的测量。我们提供了一组基于与健康结果的相关性、相关健康结果的大小、同行评议文献中的证实以及数据可用性（特别是在社区层面）选择的指标（包括不健康的暴露，如污染物，和促进健康的资产，如公园和绿地），并建议如何最有效地使用这些指标。
