King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
J Psychopharmacol. 2011 Nov;25(11):1524-32. doi: 10.1177/0269881110370502. Epub 2010 Jun 17.
The aim of the study was to investigate predictors of offending among prisoners from official records after controlling for age at first conviction and antisocial personality disorder. The participants were 198 Scottish prisoners, who had completed Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV screens for child and adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III for Axis I and Axis II disorders. The ADHD symptomatic group had significantly higher rates of total, acquisitive and violent offending than other prisoners, as well as greater regular heroin use. Hierarchical multiple regressions, using child and adult symptoms as dimensions, showed that frequent use of heroin in the year prior to imprisonment was the single most powerful predictor of the extent of total offending, with ADHD symptoms also adding independently to the variance in offending. In contrast, for violent offending, ADHD symptoms were the strongest predictor followed by alcohol dependence. The findings demonstrate the importance of heroin use and ADHD symptoms in the persistence of offending. There is an urgent need to treat drug addiction and ADHD symptoms in order to reduce offending among the most persistent offenders. Recently, treatment programmes have been developed for adults with ADHD, heroin and crack cocaine addiction which can be applied to this population.
本研究旨在调查在控制首次定罪年龄和反社会人格障碍后，从官方记录中发现罪犯的预测因素。参与者为 198 名苏格兰囚犯，他们完成了儿童和成人注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状的《诊断与统计手册第四版》筛查，以及《米隆临床多轴人格检查表第三版》以确定轴 I 和轴 II 障碍。ADHD 症状组的总犯罪率、侵财犯罪率和暴力犯罪率明显高于其他囚犯，而且经常使用海洛因。使用儿童和成人症状作为维度的分层多元回归显示，在监禁前一年中频繁使用海洛因是总犯罪程度的唯一最强预测因素，而 ADHD 症状也可独立增加犯罪的变化。相比之下，对于暴力犯罪，ADHD 症状是最强的预测因素，其次是酒精依赖。研究结果表明，海洛因使用和 ADHD 症状在犯罪持续存在中具有重要作用。为了减少最顽固罪犯的犯罪行为，迫切需要治疗毒瘾和 ADHD 症状。最近，针对海洛因和可卡因成瘾的成人 ADHD 治疗方案已经开发出来，可以应用于这一人群。
