Vicente-Manzanares Miguel, Hodges Jennifer, Horwitz Alan Rick
Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 22908-Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Open Neurosci J. 2009 Jan 1;3:87-96. doi: 10.2174/1874082000903020087.
Dendritic spines are specialized, micron-sized post-synaptic compartments that support synaptic function. These actin-based protrusions push the post-synaptic membrane, establish contact with the presynaptic membrane and undergo dynamic changes in morphology during development, as well as in response to synaptic neurotransmission. These processes are propelled by active remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, which includes polymerization, filament disassembly, and organization of the actin in supramolecular arrays, such as branched networks or bundles. Dendritic spines contain a plethora of adhesion and synaptic receptors, signaling, and cytoskeletal proteins that regulate their formation, maturation and removal. Whereas many of the molecules involved in dendritic spine formation have been identified, their actual roles in spine formation, removal and maturation are not well understood. Using parallels between migrating fibroblasts and dendritic spines, we point to potential mechanisms and approaches for understanding spine development and dynamics.
树突棘是专门的微米级突触后区室，支持突触功能。这些基于肌动蛋白的突起推动突触后膜，与突触前膜建立接触，并在发育过程中以及对突触神经传递的反应中经历形态学的动态变化。这些过程由肌动蛋白细胞骨架的主动重塑推动，包括聚合、细丝拆卸以及肌动蛋白在超分子阵列（如分支网络或束）中的组织。树突棘包含大量调节其形成、成熟和去除的粘附和突触受体、信号蛋白和细胞骨架蛋白。虽然已经鉴定出许多参与树突棘形成的分子，但它们在棘形成、去除和成熟中的实际作用尚不清楚。通过将迁移的成纤维细胞与树突棘进行类比，我们指出了理解棘发育和动态的潜在机制和方法。
