Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2010 Oct;38(10):3195-209. doi: 10.1007/s10439-010-0083-6. Epub 2010 Jun 18.
Coronary flow is different from the flow in other parts of the arterial system because it is influenced by the contraction and relaxation of the heart. To model coronary flow realistically, the compressive force of the heart acting on the coronary vessels needs to be included. In this study, we developed a method that predicts coronary flow and pressure of three-dimensional epicardial coronary arteries by considering models of the heart and arterial system and the interactions between the two models. For each coronary outlet, a lumped parameter coronary vascular bed model was assigned to represent the impedance of the downstream coronary vascular networks absent in the computational domain. The intramyocardial pressure was represented with either the left or right ventricular pressure depending on the location of the coronary arteries. The left and right ventricular pressure were solved from the lumped parameter heart models coupled to a closed loop system comprising a three-dimensional model of the aorta, three-element Windkessel models of the rest of the systemic circulation and the pulmonary circulation, and lumped parameter models for the left and right sides of the heart. The computed coronary flow and pressure and the aortic flow and pressure waveforms were realistic as compared to literature data.
冠状动脉血流与动脉系统其他部位的血流不同，因为它受到心脏收缩和舒张的影响。为了真实地模拟冠状动脉血流，需要包括心脏对冠状动脉的压缩力。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种方法，通过考虑心脏和动脉系统的模型以及两个模型之间的相互作用，来预测三维心外膜冠状动脉的冠状动脉流量和压力。对于每个冠状动脉出口，分配了一个集总参数冠状动脉血管床模型，以代表计算域中不存在的下游冠状动脉网络的阻抗。根据冠状动脉的位置，心肌内压用左心室或右心室压力表示。左心室和右心室压力是从与一个闭环系统耦合的集总参数心脏模型中求解出来的，该闭环系统包括主动脉的三维模型、全身循环和肺循环的三元件 Windkessel 模型以及左、右心的集总参数模型。与文献数据相比，计算得到的冠状动脉流量和压力以及主动脉流量和压力波形更符合实际情况。
