Stinson-Remick Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2010 Jul-Aug;2(4):367-81. doi: 10.1002/wnan.86.
Semiconductor nanotechnology has created the ultimate analytical tool: a nanopore with single molecule sensitivity. This tool offers the intriguing possibility of high-throughput, low cost sequencing of DNA with the absolute minimum of material and preprocessing. The exquisite single molecule sensitivity obviates the need for costly and error-prone procedures like polymerase chain reaction amplification. Instead, nanopore sequencing relies on the electric signal that develops when a DNA molecule translocates through a pore in a membrane. If each base pair has a characteristic electrical signature, then ostensibly a pore could be used to analyze the sequence by reporting all of the signatures in a single read without resorting to multiple DNA copies. The potential for a long read length combined with high translocation velocity should make resequencing inexpensive and allow for haplotyping and methylation profiling in a chromosome.
具有单分子灵敏度的纳米孔。该工具提供了一种极具吸引力的可能性，即可以使用绝对最少的材料和预处理，以高通量、低成本对 DNA 进行测序。这种精密的单分子灵敏度消除了对聚合酶链式反应 (PCR) 扩增等昂贵且易错的步骤的需求。相反，纳米孔测序依赖于 DNA 分子穿过膜上的孔时产生的电信号。如果每个碱基对都有一个特征电信号，那么显然可以通过在单个读取中报告所有的特征信号来分析序列，而无需使用多个 DNA 拷贝。长读取长度与高迁移速度的结合应该使重新测序变得廉价，并允许在染色体上进行单倍型和甲基化分析。
