Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jun 29;107(26):11971-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1002601107. Epub 2010 Jun 21.
Upon delivery, the neonate is exposed for the first time to a wide array of microbes from a variety of sources, including maternal bacteria. Although prior studies have suggested that delivery mode shapes the microbiota's establishment and, subsequently, its role in child health, most researchers have focused on specific bacterial taxa or on a single body habitat, the gut. Thus, the initiation stage of human microbiome development remains obscure. The goal of the present study was to obtain a community-wide perspective on the influence of delivery mode and body habitat on the neonate's first microbiota. We used multiplexed 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing to characterize bacterial communities from mothers and their newborn babies, four born vaginally and six born via Cesarean section. Mothers' skin, oral mucosa, and vagina were sampled 1 h before delivery, and neonates' skin, oral mucosa, and nasopharyngeal aspirate were sampled <5 min, and meconium <24 h, after delivery. We found that in direct contrast to the highly differentiated communities of their mothers, neonates harbored bacterial communities that were undifferentiated across multiple body habitats, regardless of delivery mode. Our results also show that vaginally delivered infants acquired bacterial communities resembling their own mother's vaginal microbiota, dominated by Lactobacillus, Prevotella, or Sneathia spp., and C-section infants harbored bacterial communities similar to those found on the skin surface, dominated by Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Propionibacterium spp. These findings establish an important baseline for studies tracking the human microbiome's successional development in different body habitats following different delivery modes, and their associated effects on infant health.
新生儿在出生时首次接触到来自各种来源的广泛微生物群，包括母体细菌。尽管先前的研究表明分娩方式塑造了微生物群的建立，并随后影响其在儿童健康中的作用，但大多数研究人员都集中在特定的细菌分类群或单一的身体栖息地（肠道）上。因此，人类微生物组发育的起始阶段仍然不清楚。本研究的目的是从社区角度全面了解分娩方式和身体栖息地对新生儿第一微生物群的影响。我们使用多重 16S rRNA 基因焦磷酸测序技术来描述来自母亲及其新生儿的细菌群落，其中 4 名经阴道分娩，6 名经剖宫产分娩。母亲的皮肤、口腔黏膜和阴道在分娩前 1 小时采样，新生儿的皮肤、口腔黏膜和鼻咽抽吸物在分娩后 <5 分钟，胎便在分娩后 <24 小时采样。我们发现，与母亲高度分化的群落形成鲜明对比的是，新生儿的细菌群落无论分娩方式如何，在多个身体栖息地中都没有分化。我们的研究结果还表明，经阴道分娩的婴儿获得的细菌群落类似于其母亲的阴道微生物群，以乳杆菌、普雷沃氏菌或 Sneathia 属为主，而剖宫产婴儿的细菌群落类似于皮肤表面发现的群落，以葡萄球菌、棒状杆菌和丙酸杆菌属为主。这些发现为研究不同分娩方式下不同身体栖息地中人类微生物组的连续发育及其对婴儿健康的相关影响奠定了重要基础。
