Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
Conserv Biol. 2010 Oct;24(5):1198-204. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01539.x.
Recent literature on systematic conservation planning has focused strongly on economics. It is a necessary component of efficient conservation planning because the question is about effective resource allocation. Nevertheless, there is an increasing tendency toward economic factors overriding biological considerations. Focusing too narrowly on economic cost may lead us back toward solutions resembling those obtained by opportunistic choice of areas, the avoidance of which was the motivation for development of systematic approaches. Moreover, there are many overlooked difficulties in incorporating economic considerations reliably into conservation planning because available economic data and the free market are complex. For instance, economies based on free markets tend to be shortsighted, whereas biodiversity conservation aims far into the future. Although economic data are necessary, they should not be relied on too heavily or considered separately from other sociopolitical factors. We suggest focusing on development of more-comprehensive ecological-economic modeling, while not forgetting the importance of purely biological analyses that are needed as a point of reference for evaluating conservation outcomes.
近期关于系统保护规划的文献主要集中在经济学方面。这是高效保护规划的必要组成部分，因为问题涉及到有效的资源分配。然而，经济因素逐渐凌驾于生物考虑因素之上。过于狭隘地关注经济成本可能会使我们回到类似于通过机会主义地选择区域来获得的解决方案，而避免这种情况正是系统方法发展的动力。此外，由于可用的经济数据和自由市场非常复杂，因此将经济考虑因素可靠地纳入保护规划存在许多被忽视的困难。例如，基于自由市场的经济往往目光短浅，而生物多样性保护则着眼于遥远的未来。虽然经济数据是必要的，但不应过分依赖它们，也不应将它们与其他社会政治因素分开考虑。我们建议专注于开发更全面的生态经济模型，同时不要忘记纯粹的生物分析的重要性，这是评估保护成果的基准点。
