School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Nov 1;112(1-2):54-61. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.011. Epub 2010 Jun 30.
Impulsivity and risk-taking are multi-dimensional constructs that have been implicated in heavy drinking and alcohol problems. Our aim was to identify the specific component of impulsivity or risk-taking that explained the greatest variance in heavy and problem drinking among a sample of young adults recruited from a university population. Participants (N=75) completed a test battery comprising two commonly used response inhibition tasks (a Go/No-Go task and a Stop signal task), a delay discounting procedure, and the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) as a measure of risk-taking. Participants also completed the Barratt Impulsivity Scales (BIS) as a measure of trait impulsivity. In a hierarchical multiple regression model, risk-taking was identified as the only behavioural measure that predicted alcohol use and problems. In a secondary analysis, we demonstrated that risk-taking predicted unique variance in alcohol use and problems over and above that explained by trait impulsivity. Results suggest that among young adults, a behavioural measure of risk-taking predicts variance in alcohol consumption and alcohol problems, even when individual differences in trait impulsivity are statistically controlled. However, behavioural measures of response inhibition and delay discounting do not predict unique variance in alcohol use in young adult social drinkers.
冲动性和冒险性是多维度的构念，与大量饮酒和酒精问题有关。我们的目的是确定冲动性或冒险性的特定成分，这些成分可以解释大学生样本中大量饮酒和饮酒问题的最大差异。参与者（N=75）完成了一个测试组合，其中包括两个常用的反应抑制任务（Go/No-Go 任务和停止信号任务）、延迟折扣程序和气球模拟风险任务（BART），作为冒险行为的衡量标准。参与者还完成了巴瑞特冲动量表（BIS），作为特质冲动的衡量标准。在分层多元回归模型中，冒险行为被确定为唯一可以预测酒精使用和问题的行为测量指标。在二次分析中，我们证明了冒险行为可以预测酒精使用和问题的独特差异，而不仅仅是特质冲动所解释的差异。结果表明，在年轻人中，行为风险测量可以预测酒精消费和酒精问题的差异，即使在统计上控制了特质冲动的个体差异。然而，反应抑制和延迟折扣的行为测量并不能预测年轻社交饮酒者的酒精使用的独特差异。
