Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago.
J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2010 Oct;3(5):580-96. doi: 10.1007/s12265-010-9197-3. Epub 2010 Jul 1.
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its complications such as cardiomyopathy, contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increased adoption of westernized diets and decreased physical activity are contributing to the obesity epidemic which, in turn, increases the risk for T2DM. Other risk factors for T2DM include insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and a genetic predisposition. Risk measures for assessing these factors include family history, blood pressure, body weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid levels, and calculated indices such as BMI, HOMA, and QUIKI. Most of these risk measures routinely done in annual check-ups, should help a primary care physician in making an early diagnosis of impending diabetic condition. The underlying mechanisms of these clinical, anthropometric and biochemical risk measures may also be involved in the etiology of diabetes and its complications. Their levels and changes over time therefore, may indeed reflect the disease process. Early and continued assessment of diabetes risk, as part of patient care, will help identify individuals most likely to develop diabetes and allow for early interventions to reduce risk factors as well as delay or may even prevent disease onset. In T2DM patients, ongoing measurement of risk markers and implementation of intervention where appropriate will improve the diabetic condition, decrease risk of cardiovascular and other complications, and decrease morbidity.
2 型糖尿病（T2DM）及其并发症如心肌病，在全球范围内导致了较高的发病率和死亡率。西式饮食的普及和体力活动的减少导致了肥胖症的流行，进而增加了 T2DM 的风险。T2DM 的其他风险因素包括胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常、高血压、代谢综合征和遗传易感性。用于评估这些因素的风险指标包括家族史、血压、体重、腰围、空腹血糖、胰岛素和血脂水平以及计算指标如 BMI、HOMA 和 QUIKI。这些风险指标中的大多数在年度体检中常规进行，有助于初级保健医生对即将发生的糖尿病状况进行早期诊断。这些临床、人体测量和生化风险指标的潜在机制也可能参与糖尿病及其并发症的发病机制。因此，它们的水平和随时间的变化确实可能反映疾病过程。作为患者护理的一部分，早期和持续评估糖尿病风险将有助于确定最有可能患糖尿病的个体，并允许早期干预以降低风险因素，以及延迟甚至可能预防疾病的发生。在 T2DM 患者中，持续测量风险标志物并在适当情况下实施干预措施将改善糖尿病状况，降低心血管和其他并发症的风险，并降低发病率。
