长期环境多污染物暴露与死亡率。
Long-term ambient multipollutant exposures and mortality.
机构信息
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
出版信息
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Jan 1;183(1):73-8. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200912-1903OC. Epub 2010 Jul 23.
RATIONALE
population-based studies have demonstrated associations between ambient air pollution exposures and mortality, but few have been able to adjust for occupational exposures. Additionally, two studies have observed higher risks in individuals with occupational dust, gas, or fume exposure.
OBJECTIVES
we examined the association of ambient residential exposure to particulate matter less than 10 microm in diameter (PM(10)), particulate matter less than 2.5 microm in diameter (PM(2.5)), NO(2), SO(2), and mortality in 53,814 men in the U.S. trucking industry.
METHODS
exposures for PM(10), NO(2), and SO(2) at each residential address were assigned using models combining spatial smoothing and geographic covariates. PM(2.5) exposures in 2000 were assigned from the nearest available monitor. Single and multipollutant Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of an interquartile range (IQR) change (6 microg/m(3) for PM(10), 4 microg/m(3) for PM(2.5), 4ppb for SO(2), and 8ppb for NO(2)) and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
an IQR change in ambient residential exposures to PM(10) was associated with a 4.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-7.7%) increased risk of all-cause mortality. The increase for an IQR change in SO(2) was 6.9% (95% CI, 2.3-11.6%), for NO(2) was 8.2% (95% CI, 4.5-12.1%), and for PM(2.5) was 3.9% (95% CI, 1.0-6.9%). Elevated associations with cause-specific mortality (lung cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory disease) were observed for PM(2.5), SO(2), and NO(2), but not PM(10). None of the pollutants were confounded by occupational exposures. In multipollutant models, overall, the associations were attenuated, most strongly for PM(10). In sensitivity analyses excluding long-haul drivers, who spend days away from home, larger hazard ratios were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
in this population of men, residential ambient air pollution exposures were associated with mortality.
背景
基于人群的研究已经证明了环境空气污染暴露与死亡率之间存在关联，但很少有研究能够调整职业暴露因素。此外，有两项研究观察到职业性粉尘、气体或烟雾暴露者的风险更高。
目的
我们在美国卡车运输行业的 53814 名男性中，研究了居住环境中直径小于 10 微米的颗粒物（PM10）、直径小于 2.5 微米的颗粒物（PM2.5）、二氧化氮（NO2）、二氧化硫（SO2）暴露与死亡率之间的关系。
方法
使用结合空间平滑和地理协变量的模型，为每个居住地址分配 PM10、NO2 和 SO2 的暴露值。2000 年 PM2.5 的暴露值由最近的可用监测器提供。使用单因素和多污染物 Cox 比例风险模型，研究 IQR 变化（PM10 为 6μg/m3，PM2.5 为 4μg/m3，SO2 为 4ppb，NO2 为 8ppb）与全因死亡率和死因特异性死亡率风险之间的关系。
测量和主要结果
居住环境中 PM10 暴露的 IQR 变化与全因死亡率增加 4.3%（95%置信区间 [CI]，1.1-7.7%）相关。SO2 的 IQR 变化增加 6.9%（95% CI，2.3-11.6%），NO2 增加 8.2%（95% CI，4.5-12.1%），PM2.5 增加 3.9%（95% CI，1.0-6.9%）。PM2.5、SO2 和 NO2 与特定原因死亡率（肺癌、心血管和呼吸道疾病）的升高相关，但 PM10 则不然。在多污染物模型中，总体而言，这些关联被削弱了，PM10 的关联被削弱得最明显。在排除了在外过夜的长途卡车司机的敏感性分析中，观察到更大的危险比。
结论
在这群男性中，居住环境大气污染暴露与死亡率有关。
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