Human Performance Laboratory, Division of Sports Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2011 Apr;25(4):1134-41. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d09e4c.
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of auditory stimuli (AS) and visual stimuli (VS) on sprint time, sprint speed, and reaction time in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I male soccer players. Fifteen healthy subjects (mean age 22.1 ± 1.6 years) volunteered for the study. This experiment was conducted on a regulation soccer field, using a wireless timing system. Subjects stood on a touch-and-release pad and were instructed a prompt (AS: "go" command via a microphone interface, VS: movement of a player located 10 m from the start) to run 20 m through the finish line timing gates without decelerating. After 3 submaximal sprint trials at 50%, conditions (AS and VS) were randomized and performed 3 times by each subject. The best sprint time, sprint speed, and reaction time were recorded. Paired t-tests were conducted on dependent variables to determine statistically significant differences. An alpha level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Sprint time was reduced in response to VS as compared to AS (3.76 ± 0.16 seconds vs. 3.85 ± 0.15 seconds, p = 0.001). Sprint speed (distance covered) was greater in VS compared to AS (5.3 ± 0.21 m · s vs. 5.1 ± 0.19 m · s, p < 0.001), and reaction time was reduced in VS compared to AS (0.53 ± 0.048 seconds vs. 0.61 ± 0.044 seconds, p = 0.001). These data show that VS rather than AS improve sprint response times in collegiate male soccer athletes. The data suggest that performance on the field may be improved if coaches and players strategize to integrate visual cues (e.g., gestures and signals) during practices and games.
本研究旨在探讨听觉刺激（AS）和视觉刺激（VS）对美国大学生体育协会（NCAA）一级男子足球运动员的冲刺时间、冲刺速度和反应时间的影响。15 名健康受试者（平均年龄 22.1 ± 1.6 岁）自愿参加了这项研究。该实验在一个标准的足球场上进行，使用无线计时系统。受试者站在一个触摸释放垫上，根据提示（AS：通过麦克风接口发出“跑”的命令，VS：距离起点 10 米处的一名球员移动）不减速地跑过终点线计时门，冲刺 20 米。在进行了 3 次 50%的亚最大冲刺试验后，受试者随机进行了 3 次 AS 和 VS 条件下的试验。记录最佳冲刺时间、冲刺速度和反应时间。采用配对 t 检验对因变量进行统计分析，确定统计学差异。设定α水平为 p≤0.05。与 AS 相比，VS 可使冲刺时间缩短（3.76 ± 0.16 秒 vs. 3.85 ± 0.15 秒，p=0.001）。与 AS 相比，VS 时的冲刺速度（距离）更大（5.3 ± 0.21 m·s vs. 5.1 ± 0.19 m·s，p<0.001），且反应时间更短（0.53 ± 0.048 秒 vs. 0.61 ± 0.044 秒，p=0.001）。这些数据表明，VS 而非 AS 可改善大学生男子足球运动员的冲刺反应时间。研究结果提示，如果教练和球员在训练和比赛中制定策略，整合视觉提示（如手势和信号），可能会提高场上表现。
