Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
J Virol. 2010 Nov;84(21):11336-49. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00650-10. Epub 2010 Aug 4.
Bats may host emerging viruses, including coronaviruses (CoV). We conducted an evaluation of CoV in rhinolophid and vespertilionid bat species common in Europe. Rhinolophids carried severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related CoV at high frequencies and concentrations (26% of animals are positive; up to 2.4×10(8) copies per gram of feces), as well as two Alphacoronavirus clades, one novel and one related to the HKU2 clade. All three clades present in Miniopterus bats in China (HKU7, HKU8, and 1A related) were also present in European Miniopterus bats. An additional novel Alphacoronavirus clade (bat CoV [BtCoV]/BNM98-30) was detected in Nyctalus leisleri. A CoV grouping criterion was developed by comparing amino acid identities across an 816-bp fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) of all accepted mammalian CoV species (RdRp-based grouping units [RGU]). Criteria for defining separate RGU in mammalian CoV were a >4.8% amino acid distance for alphacoronaviruses and a >6.3% distance for betacoronaviruses. All the above-mentioned novel clades represented independent RGU. Strict associations between CoV RGU and host bat genera were confirmed for six independent RGU represented simultaneously in China and Europe. A SARS-related virus (BtCoV/BM48-31/Bulgaria/2008) from a Rhinolophus blasii (Rhi bla) bat was fully sequenced. It is predicted that proteins 3b and 6 were highly divergent from those proteins in all known SARS-related CoV. Open reading frame 8 (ORF8) was surprisingly absent. Surface expression of spike and staining with sera of SARS survivors suggested low antigenic overlap with SARS CoV. However, the receptor binding domain of SARS CoV showed higher similarity with that of BtCoV/BM48-31/Bulgaria/2008 than with that of any Chinese bat-borne CoV. Critical spike domains 472 and 487 were identical and similar, respectively. This study underlines the importance of assessments of the zoonotic potential of widely distributed bat-borne CoV.
蝙蝠可能是新兴病毒的宿主，包括冠状病毒（CoV）。我们对欧洲常见的菊头蝠和蹄蝠科蝙蝠物种中的 CoV 进行了评估。菊头蝠携带高频率和高浓度的严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）相关 CoV（26%的动物呈阳性；粪便中高达 2.4×10(8)个拷贝），以及两个 Alpha 冠状病毒亚群，一个新的和一个与 HKU2 亚群相关。在中国的迷你蝙蝠中存在的三种科群（HKU7、HKU8 和 1A 相关）也存在于欧洲的迷你蝙蝠中。在 Nyctalus leisleri 中还检测到了另一种新型的 Alpha 冠状病毒亚群（蝙蝠 CoV [BtCoV]/BNM98-30）。通过比较所有已接受的哺乳动物 CoV 物种的 RNA 依赖性 RNA 聚合酶（RdRp）的 816 个碱基片段的氨基酸同一性，开发了一种 CoV 分组标准（基于 RdRp 的分组单位 [RGU]）。用于定义哺乳动物 CoV 中单独 RGU 的标准是，对于 Alphacoronaviruses，氨基酸距离大于 4.8%，对于 Betacoronaviruses，氨基酸距离大于 6.3%。上述所有新型科群都代表独立的 RGU。在中国和欧洲同时代表的六个独立的 RGU 证实了 CoV RGU 与宿主蝙蝠属之间的严格关联。从 Rhinolophus blasii（Rhi bla）蝙蝠中分离出一种与 SARS 相关的病毒（BtCoV/BM48-31/保加利亚/2008）并进行了全序列分析。据预测，蛋白质 3b 和 6 与所有已知的 SARS 相关 CoV 的蛋白质高度不同。令人惊讶的是，开放阅读框 8（ORF8）缺失。刺突表面表达和 SARS 幸存者血清的染色表明与 SARS CoV 的抗原重叠较低。然而，SARS CoV 的受体结合域与 BtCoV/BM48-31/保加利亚/2008 的相似性高于与任何中国蝙蝠携带的 CoV 的相似性。关键的刺突结构域 472 和 487 分别是相同和相似的。这项研究强调了评估广泛分布的蝙蝠携带的 CoV 的人畜共患病潜力的重要性。
