Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.
Am J Med Sci. 2010 Sep;340(3):247-52. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181e939d8.
Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea in Europe and North America and is a serious reemerging pathogen. Recent outbreaks have led to increasing morbidity and mortality and have been associated with a new strain (BI/NAP1/027) of C difficile that produces more toxin than historic strains. With the increasing incidence of C difficile infection, clinicians have also seen a change in the epidemiology with increased infections in previously low-risk populations. This chapter highlights the current knowledge on C difficile virulence, human disease, epidemic outbreaks and optimal treatment strategies.
艰难梭菌是欧洲和北美的主要医院获得性腹泻病原体，也是一种严重的重新出现的病原体。最近的疫情爆发导致发病率和死亡率上升，并与艰难梭菌的一种新型菌株（BI/NAP1/027）有关，该菌株产生的毒素比历史菌株多。随着艰难梭菌感染的发病率不断上升，临床医生也发现了流行情况的变化，以前低危人群的感染有所增加。本章重点介绍了艰难梭菌毒力、人类疾病、疫情爆发和最佳治疗策略的最新知识。
