Latash Mark L
Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
Motor Control. 2010 Jul;14(3):294-322. doi: 10.1123/mcj.14.3.294.
The article offers a way to unite three recent developments in the field of motor control and coordination: (1) The notion of synergies is introduced based on the principle of motor abundance; (2) The uncontrolled manifold hypothesis is described as offering a computational framework to identify and quantify synergies; and (3) The equilibrium-point hypothesis is described for a single muscle, single joint, and multijoint systems. Merging these concepts into a single coherent scheme requires focusing on control variables rather than performance variables. The principle of minimal final action is formulated as the guiding principle within the referent configuration hypothesis. Motor actions are associated with setting two types of variables by a controller, those that ultimately define average performance patterns and those that define associated synergies. Predictions of the suggested scheme are reviewed, such as the phenomenon of anticipatory synergy adjustments, quick actions without changes in synergies, atypical synergies, and changes in synergies with practice. A few models are briefly reviewed.
本文提供了一种方法，将运动控制与协调领域最近的三项进展结合起来：（1）基于运动丰富性原则引入了协同概念；（2）描述了非控制流形假设，它为识别和量化协同提供了一个计算框架；（3）描述了单肌肉、单关节和多关节系统的平衡点假设。将这些概念合并为一个连贯的方案需要关注控制变量而非性能变量。最小最终作用原理被表述为参考构型假设中的指导原则。运动动作与控制器设置的两种类型的变量相关联，一种是最终定义平均性能模式的变量，另一种是定义相关协同的变量。本文回顾了所提出方案的预测，如预期协同调整现象、协同不变的快速动作、非典型协同以及协同随练习的变化。还简要回顾了一些模型。
