Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
BMC Med Genet. 2010 Aug 16;11:125. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-11-125.
Individuals born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of rapid postnatal weight gain, later obesity and diseases in adulthood such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Environmental risk factors for SGA are well established and include smoking, low pregnancy weight, maternal short stature, maternal diet, ethnic origin of mother and hypertension. However, in a large proportion of SGA, no underlying cause is evident, and these individuals may have a larger genetic contribution.
In this study we tested the association between SGA and polymorphisms in genes that have previously been associated with obesity and/or diabetes. We undertook analysis of 54 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 546 samples from the Auckland Birthweight Collaborative (ABC) study. 227 children were born small for gestational age (SGA) and 319 were appropriate for gestational age (AGA).
The results demonstrated that genetic variation in KCNJ11, BDNF, PFKP, PTER and SEC16B were associated with SGA and support the concept that genetic factors associated with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes are more prevalent in those born SGA compared to those born AGA. We have previously determined that environmental factors are associated with differences in birthweight in the ABC study and now we have demonstrated a significant genetic contribution, suggesting that the interaction between genetics and the environment are important.
出生体重小于胎龄儿（SGA）个体在出生后体重快速增加、成年后肥胖以及罹患 2 型糖尿病、高血压和心血管疾病等疾病的风险增加。SGA 的环境危险因素已得到充分证实，包括吸烟、低妊娠体重、母亲身材矮小、母亲饮食、母亲种族和高血压。然而，在很大一部分 SGA 中，没有明显的潜在原因，这些个体可能有更大的遗传贡献。
本研究检测了先前与肥胖和/或糖尿病相关的基因中的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）与 SGA 之间的关联。我们对来自奥克兰出生体重协作研究（ABC）的 546 个样本中的 54 个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）进行了分析。227 名儿童出生体重小于胎龄（SGA），319 名儿童出生体重符合胎龄（AGA）。
结果表明，KCNJ11、BDNF、PFKP、PTER 和 SEC16B 中的遗传变异与 SGA 相关，支持这样的概念，即与肥胖和/或 2 型糖尿病相关的遗传因素在 SGA 出生儿中比 AGA 出生儿中更为普遍。我们之前已经确定环境因素与 ABC 研究中的出生体重差异相关，现在我们已经证明了遗传因素的显著贡献，这表明遗传与环境之间的相互作用很重要。
