Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK.
Br J Dermatol. 2010 Dec;163(6):1269-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09977.x. Epub 2010 Sep 30.
Sunburn and sun bed use increase risk of malignant melanoma, the incidence of which continues to rise.
To document trends in reported sun bed use, sunburn, and sun care knowledge and attitudes in a U.K. region where there have been 20 years of sun-related health promotion campaigns.
In 2000, 2004 and 2008, a 'care in the sun' module was included in the Northern Ireland (NI) Omnibus survey. Each year 2200 subjects aged 16 years and over were randomly selected and invited to complete a sun-related questionnaire. Proportions of respondents were analysed by demographic and socioeconomic factors, with differences tested using z-tests and the χ(2) -squared test.
In total, 3623 persons responded (response rate 50-59%). Skin cancer knowledge in 2008 was high at 97%. Skin type reporting was inaccurate and since 2000 has become weighted towards the darker Fitzpatrick skin types IV and V (χ(2) = 21·5, P = 0·006). Reported sunburn rose over the 8-year period to 60% in 2008, with 39% of those aged 16-24 years reporting sunburn at least once in the previous year. Twenty per cent reported sun bed use in 2008, a fall from 28% in 2004 (P = 0·01), with greater reported use among those aged 16-24 years (24%) and among women (31% vs. 9% men, P < 0·001). Tanning was reported to make respondents feel healthier (42%) and more attractive (47%), with these attitudes more likely among young women.
Skin cancer and sun care knowledge is good among the NI population but reported behaviours of sun bed use and sunburn pose risks for further rises in skin cancer. Barriers for future sun care campaigns to address include poorer sun care knowledge among men, poor skin type awareness, and women's attitudes regarding the health and attractiveness of tanning. Sun bed use, although high, has fallen, possibly in response to recent campaigns.
晒伤和使用日光浴床会增加患恶性黑色素瘤的风险,而这种疾病的发病率仍在持续上升。
记录英国一个地区日光浴床使用、晒伤和防晒知识及态度的趋势。该地区已经开展了 20 年与日光相关的健康促进活动。
2000 年、2004 年和 2008 年,北爱尔兰(NI)综合调查中纳入了“关爱阳光”模块。每年随机选择 2200 名 16 岁及以上的受访者,并邀请他们完成一份与日光相关的调查问卷。根据人口统计学和社会经济学因素分析受访者比例,使用 z 检验和卡方检验(χ(2) -squared test)检验差异。
共有 3623 人(应答率为 50-59%)做出回应。2008 年,皮肤癌相关知识的知晓率高达 97%。皮肤类型报告不准确,自 2000 年以来,皮肤类型逐渐向更暗的 Fitzpatrick 皮肤类型 IV 和 V 倾斜(χ(2) = 21.5,P = 0.006)。报告的晒伤率在 8 年期间上升至 60%,其中 39%的 16-24 岁人群报告在过去一年中至少晒伤过一次。2008 年,有 20%的人报告使用日光浴床,低于 2004 年的 28%(P = 0.01),16-24 岁人群和女性(分别为 24%和 9%男性,P < 0.001)的报告使用比例更高。受访者表示,晒黑会让他们感觉更健康(42%)和更有吸引力(47%),这些态度在年轻女性中更为普遍。
北爱尔兰居民的皮肤癌和防晒知识良好,但日光浴床使用和晒伤的报告行为仍存在风险,可能会导致皮肤癌发病率进一步上升。未来防晒宣传活动需要解决的障碍包括男性防晒知识较差、皮肤类型意识差,以及女性对晒黑与健康和吸引力之间的关系的态度。尽管日光浴床的使用量较高,但有所下降,可能是对最近的宣传活动的回应。