BioPsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK.
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010 Nov;13(6):635-40. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833e343b.
To examine the relationship between energy intake, appetite control and exercise, with particular reference to longer term exercise studies. This approach is necessary when exploring the benefits of exercise for weight control, as changes in body weight and energy intake are variable and reflect diversity in weight loss.
Recent evidence indicates that longer term exercise is characterized by a highly variable response in eating behaviour. Individuals display susceptibility or resistance to exercise-induced weight loss, with changes in energy intake playing a key role in determining the degree of weight loss achieved. Marked differences in hunger and energy intake exist between those who are capable of tolerating periods of exercise-induced energy deficit, and those who are not. Exercise-induced weight loss can increase the orexigenic drive in the fasted state, but for some this is offset by improved postprandial satiety signalling.
The biological and behavioural responses to acute and long-term exercise are highly variable, and these responses interact to determine the propensity for weight change. For some people, long-term exercise stimulates compensatory increases in energy intake that attenuate weight loss. However, favourable changes in body composition and health markers still exist in the absence of weight loss. The physiological mechanisms that confer susceptibility to compensatory overconsumption still need to be determined.
探讨能量摄入、食欲控制和运动之间的关系，特别关注长期运动研究。当探索运动对体重控制的益处时，这种方法是必要的，因为体重和能量摄入的变化是可变的，反映了体重减轻的多样性。
最近的证据表明，长期运动的特点是进食行为的高度可变反应。个体对运动引起的体重减轻表现出易感性或抵抗力，能量摄入的变化在决定体重减轻的程度方面起着关键作用。那些能够耐受运动引起的能量不足期的人与那些不能耐受的人之间存在明显的饥饿和能量摄入差异。运动引起的体重减轻会增加空腹状态下的食欲驱动，但对于某些人来说，这会被改善的餐后饱腹感信号所抵消。
急性和长期运动的生物学和行为反应是高度可变的，这些反应相互作用决定了体重变化的倾向。对于一些人来说，长期运动刺激了能量摄入的代偿性增加，从而减轻了体重减轻。然而，在没有体重减轻的情况下，仍然存在身体成分和健康指标的有利变化。赋予对代偿性过度摄入易感性的生理机制仍有待确定。
