Accelerated Learning Laboratory, Australian School of Business, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
J Appl Psychol. 2010 Sep;95(5):793-806. doi: 10.1037/a0020016.
The present study examined the viability of incorporating task-contingent units into the study of personality at work, using conscientiousness as an illustrative example. We used experience-sampling data from 123 managers to show that (a) momentary conscientiousness at work is contingent on the difficulty and urgency demands of the tasks people are engaged in, (b) there are significant and stable differences between people in the extent to which their conscientiousness behaviors are contingent on task demands, and (c) individual differences in task-contingent conscientiousness are related to, though distinct from, individual differences in trait conscientiousness. We also provide evidence in relation to (a) need for cognition as a possible antecedent of task-contingent conscientiousness and (b) adaptive performance on a cognitive task as a possible consequence of it. We discuss the theoretical implications of our findings for the cognitive nature of personality and the way in which conscientiousness is expressed at work. Practical implications in relation to the predictive function of personality and applications that focus on behavioral change are also discussed.
本研究探讨了将任务相关单元纳入工作人格研究的可行性，以责任心为例。我们使用了 123 名经理的经验抽样数据，表明（a）工作中的瞬间责任心取决于人们所从事任务的难度和紧急程度，（b）人们的责任心行为在多大程度上取决于任务需求存在显著且稳定的差异，（c）任务相关责任心的个体差异与特质责任心的个体差异有关，但不同。我们还提供了与（a）认知需求作为任务相关责任心的可能前因，以及（b）认知任务上的适应性表现作为其可能后果有关的证据。我们讨论了我们的研究结果对人格的认知性质以及责任心在工作中的表现方式的理论意义。还讨论了与人格的预测功能有关的实际意义和关注行为改变的应用。
