Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Clarian Health Digestive Disease Center and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, 550 N. University Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5124, USA.
World J Gastroenterol. 2010 Aug 28;16(32):4055-60. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i32.4055.
To examine the association between macronutrient dietary patterns and alcohol consumption using the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey III.
A total of 9877 subjects (5144 males) constituted the study cohort. Dietary interviews were conducted with all examinees by a trained dietary interviewer in a mobile examination center (MEC). Subjects reported all foods and beverages consumed except plain drinking water for the previous 24-h time period. Physical examination and history of alcohol consumption were obtained. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the association of the levels of alcohol consumption and the percentage of energy derived from macronutrients. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed accounting for the study sampling weight to further explore the relationships between alcohol consumption and calories derived from each macronutrient.
Subjects who drank were younger than non-drinker controls in both genders (P < 0.01). Alcohol intake was inversely associated with body mass index and body weight in women. Of all macronutrients, carbohydrate intake was the first to decrease with increasing alcohol consumption. In the multivariate analyses, the level of alcohol consumption was found to be an independent predictor associated with lower intake of other macronutrients.
Our results show that there is an alteration in the daily dietary pattern with increasing alcohol consumption and that energy derived from alcoholic beverages substitutes that from other macronutrients such as carbohydrate, protein, and fat.
利用第三次全国健康和营养调查（Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey III）研究宏量营养素饮食模式与饮酒之间的关系。
共有 9877 名受试者（5144 名男性）构成了研究队列。由经过培训的饮食调查员在移动体检中心（MEC）对所有受检者进行饮食访谈。受检者报告了除普通饮用水以外的所有食物和饮料，时间为前 24 小时。进行了体格检查和饮酒史调查。采用 Pearson 相关系数评估饮酒量与宏量营养素供能百分比之间的关联。采用单变量和多变量回归分析，同时考虑研究的抽样权重，进一步探讨饮酒与每种宏量营养素所产生的卡路里之间的关系。
无论男女，饮酒者均比非饮酒对照组更年轻（P < 0.01）。女性的饮酒量与体重指数和体重呈负相关。在所有宏量营养素中，碳水化合物的摄入量随着饮酒量的增加而首先下降。在多变量分析中，饮酒量被发现是与其他宏量营养素摄入减少相关的独立预测因子。
我们的结果表明，随着饮酒量的增加，日常饮食模式会发生变化，来自酒精饮料的能量替代了来自碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂肪等其他宏量营养素的能量。
