School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2011 Mar;35(2):247-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00247.x.
Since quinine was first isolated, animals, plants and microorganisms producing a wide variety of quinolone compounds have been discovered, several of which possess medicinally interesting properties ranging from antiallergenic and anticancer to antimicrobial activities. Over the years, these have served in the development of many synthetic drugs, including the successful fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and related bacteria produce a number of 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolones, some of which exhibit antimicrobial activity. However, quinolones such as the Pseudomonas quinolone signal and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline act as quorum-sensing signal molecules, controlling the expression of many virulence genes as a function of cell population density. Here, we review selectively this extensive family of bicyclic compounds, from natural and synthetic antimicrobials to signalling molecules, with a special emphasis on the biology of P. aeruginosa. In particular, we review their nomenclature and biochemistry, their multiple properties as membrane-interacting compounds, inhibitors of the cytochrome bc(1) complex and iron chelators, as well as the regulation of their biosynthesis and their integration into the intricate quorum-sensing regulatory networks governing virulence and secondary metabolite gene expression.
自从奎宁首次被分离出来以来，已经发现了许多产生各种喹诺酮化合物的动物、植物和微生物，其中一些具有从抗过敏和抗癌到抗菌活性等医学上有趣的特性。多年来，这些化合物为许多合成药物的开发提供了帮助，包括成功的氟喹诺酮类抗生素。铜绿假单胞菌和相关细菌产生许多 2-烷基-4(1H)-喹诺酮，其中一些具有抗菌活性。然而，像铜绿假单胞菌喹诺酮信号和 2-庚基-4-羟基喹啉这样的喹诺酮类物质作为群体感应信号分子，根据细胞群体密度控制许多毒力基因的表达。在这里，我们选择性地回顾了这个广泛的双环化合物家族，从天然和合成的抗菌剂到信号分子，特别强调了铜绿假单胞菌的生物学。特别是，我们回顾了它们的命名法和生物化学，它们作为膜相互作用化合物、细胞色素 bc(1)复合物抑制剂和铁螯合剂的多种特性，以及它们生物合成的调控及其整合到复杂的群体感应调控网络中，这些网络控制着毒力和次生代谢物基因的表达。
