Wolfrom D, Welsch C W
Department of Anatomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
J Med. 1990;21(5):225-50.
There has been much interest in the role of dietary factors in the etiology and progression of breast disease. Due to its wide consumption and the many biochemical and physiologic effects it exerts, caffeine has been extensively examined in both clinical and experimental studies. To date, clinical studies investigating a possible relationship between caffeine consumption and breast disease in humans have yielded inconsistent and inconclusive results; further research is needed to resolve this uncertain relationship. In experimental studies utilizing laboratory rats and mice, caffeine has been shown to affect normal, hyperplastic, and carcinomatous mammae development. It has been proposed by many laboratories that antagonism of adenosine receptor is the most plausible mechanism to account for the many biologic activities of caffeine. However, other mechanisms by which caffeine may act cannot be discounted. Further research is needed to affirm the mechanism(s) by which caffeine acts, especially with regard to the developmental growth of normal, benign and carcinomatous human breast tissue.
饮食因素在乳腺疾病的病因和进展中所起的作用已备受关注。由于咖啡因的广泛消费及其所产生的众多生化和生理效应，它已在临床和实验研究中得到广泛研究。迄今为止，调查人类咖啡因消费与乳腺疾病之间可能关系的临床研究结果并不一致且尚无定论；需要进一步研究来解决这种不确定的关系。在利用实验室大鼠和小鼠进行的实验研究中，已表明咖啡因会影响正常、增生性和癌性乳腺的发育。许多实验室提出，腺苷受体拮抗作用是解释咖啡因众多生物活性的最合理机制。然而，咖啡因可能起作用的其他机制也不能被忽视。需要进一步研究来确定咖啡因起作用的机制，特别是关于正常、良性和癌性人类乳腺组织的发育生长方面。
