Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
BMC Public Health. 2010 Aug 29;10:520. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-520.
An inverse social gradient in overweight among adolescents has been shown in developed countries, but few studies have examined whether weight gain and the development of overweight differs among adolescents from different socioeconomic groups in a longitudinal study. The objective was to identify the possible association between parental socioeconomic position, weight change and the risk of developing overweight among adolescents between the ages 15 to 21.
Prospective cohort study conducted in Denmark with baseline examination in 1996 and follow-up questionnaire in 2003 with a mean follow-up time of 6.4 years. A sample of 1,656 adolescents participated in both baseline (mean age 14.8) and follow-up (mean age 21.3). Of these, 1,402 had a body mass index (BMI = weight/height2kg/m2) corresponding to a value below 25 at baseline when adjusted for age and gender according to guidelines from International Obesity Taskforce, and were at risk of developing overweight during the study period. The exposure was parental occupational status. The main outcome measures were change in BMI and development of overweight (from BMI < 25 to BMI > = 25).
Average BMI increased from 21.3 to 22.7 for girls and from 20.6 to 23.6 in boys during follow-up. An inverse social gradient in overweight was seen for girls at baseline and follow-up and for boys at follow-up. In the full population there was a tendency to an inverse social gradient in the overall increase in BMI for girls, but not for boys. A total of 13.4% developed overweight during the follow-up period. Girls of lower parental socioeconomic position had a higher risk of developing overweight (OR's between 4.72; CI 1.31 to 17.04 and 2.03; CI 1.10-3.74) when compared to girls of high parental socioeconomic position. A tendency for an inverse social gradient in the development of overweight for boys was seen, but it did not meet the significance criteria
The levels of overweight and obesity among adolescents are high and continue to rise. Results from this study suggest that the inverse social gradient in overweight becomes steeper for girls and emerges for boys in late adolescence (age span 15 to 21 years). Late adolescence seems to be an important window of opportunity in reducing the social inequality in overweight among Danish adolescents.
在发达国家，青少年超重呈负向社会梯度分布，但很少有研究在纵向研究中检查不同社会经济群体的青少年的体重增加和超重发展是否存在差异。目的是确定青少年在 15 至 21 岁期间父母社会经济地位与体重变化和超重风险之间的可能关联。
这是在丹麦进行的前瞻性队列研究，基线检查于 1996 年进行，2003 年进行了随访问卷调查，平均随访时间为 6.4 年。共有 1656 名青少年参与了基线（平均年龄 14.8 岁）和随访（平均年龄 21.3 岁）。其中，1402 人的体重指数（BMI=体重/身高^2kg/m^2）根据国际肥胖工作组的指南，在调整年龄和性别后，在基线时低于 25，在研究期间有发展为超重的风险。暴露因素是父母的职业状况。主要结局指标是 BMI 的变化和超重的发展（从 BMI<25 到 BMI>=25）。
女孩的平均 BMI 从 21.3 增加到 22.7，男孩从 20.6 增加到 23.6。女孩在基线和随访时以及男孩在随访时都存在超重的负向社会梯度。在整个人群中，女孩 BMI 总体增加呈负向社会梯度的趋势，但男孩没有。在随访期间，共有 13.4%的人发展为超重。社会经济地位较低的女孩发生超重的风险较高（OR 值分别为 4.72；95%CI 1.31 至 17.04 和 2.03；95%CI 1.10 至 3.74）。男孩超重发展呈负向社会梯度的趋势，但未达到显著性标准。
青少年超重和肥胖的水平很高，并且还在继续上升。本研究结果表明，女孩超重的负向社会梯度变得更加陡峭，而男孩在青春期晚期（15 至 21 岁）出现这种情况。青春期晚期似乎是减少丹麦青少年超重社会不平等的重要机会窗口。
