School of Psychology, Massey University, P. O. Box 756, Wellington, New Zealand.
Psychol Assess. 2010 Sep;22(3):520-31. doi: 10.1037/a0019512.
Although a substantial proportion of the western population is approaching retirement age, little is known about how they are preparing for the future. Much attention has been paid to the consumption of educational material and retirement wealth in the present literature, but the process of retirement planning has been ignored. S. L. Friedman and E. K. Scholnick's (1997) theoretical model provided the basis for a comprehensive measure of retirement planning. According to their process theory, individuals develop an understanding of the problem, set goals, make a decision to start preparing, and finally undertake the behaviors needed to fulfill their goals. Fifty-two items were developed to assess each stage of the planning process for financial, health, lifestyle, and psychosocial retirement planning. These were tested on a population sample of 1,449 New Zealanders aged 49-60. Confirmatory factor analysis, bivariate correlations, and hierarchical regression provided support for the valid use of the measure. Necessary antecedents, such as the tendency to look to the future, and locus of control were significantly related to the Process of Retirement Planning Scale (PRePS). The PRePS also outperformed retirement planning measures used in the Health and Retirement Study (F. T. Juster & R. Suzman, 1995) after controlling for socioeconomic and psychological variables. This measure will enable social policy makers to determine which stages of retirement planning require support and intervention. The PRePS will also help to determine which domains of retirement planning predict well-being in later life and the factors which differentiate those who are planning from those who are not.
尽管相当一部分西方人口正接近退休年龄，但人们对他们如何为未来做准备知之甚少。目前的文献中，人们对教育材料和退休财富的消费关注较多，但忽视了退休计划的过程。S.L.Friedman 和 E.K.Scholnick（1997）的理论模型为全面衡量退休计划提供了基础。根据他们的过程理论，个体对问题有了认识，设定了目标，决定开始准备，最后采取实现目标所需的行为。该理论开发了 52 个项目来评估财务、健康、生活方式和心理社会退休计划的每个阶段。该理论在一个由 1449 名 49-60 岁新西兰人组成的样本中进行了测试。验证性因素分析、双变量相关和层次回归为该测量工具的有效使用提供了支持。必要的前提条件，如关注未来的倾向和控制源，与退休计划过程量表（PRePS）显著相关。在控制社会经济和心理变量后，PRePS 也优于健康和退休研究（F.T.Justet 和 R.Suzman，1995）中使用的退休计划测量工具。该测量工具将使社会政策制定者能够确定需要支持和干预的退休计划阶段。PRePS 还将有助于确定哪些退休计划领域能很好地预测晚年的幸福感，以及区分有计划和无计划者的因素。
