理解对互联网医疗干预的反应：满足用户对信息提供的偏好。
Understanding reactions to an internet-delivered health-care intervention: accommodating user preferences for information provision.
机构信息
School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
出版信息
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2010 Sep 17;10:52. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-10-52.
BACKGROUND
It is recognised as good practice to use qualitative methods to elicit users' views of internet-delivered health-care interventions during their development. This paper seeks to illustrate the advantages of combining usability testing with 'theoretical modelling', i.e. analyses that relate the findings of qualitative studies during intervention development to social science theory, in order to gain deeper insights into the reasons and context for how people respond to the intervention. This paper illustrates how usability testing may be enriched by theoretical modelling by means of two qualitative studies of users' views of the delivery of information in an internet-delivered intervention to help users decide whether they needed to seek medical care for their cold or flu symptoms.
METHODS
In Study 1, 21 participants recruited from a city in southern England were asked to 'think aloud' while viewing draft web-pages presented in paper format. In Study 2, views of our prototype website were elicited, again using think aloud methods, in a sample of 26 participants purposively sampled for diversity in education levels. Both data-sets were analysed by thematic analysis.
RESULTS
Study 1 revealed that although the information provided by the draft web-pages had many of the intended empowering benefits, users often felt overwhelmed by the quantity of information. Relating these findings to theory and research on factors influencing preferences for information-seeking we hypothesised that to meet the needs of different users (especially those with lower literacy levels) our website should be designed to provide only essential personalised advice, but with options to access further information. Study 2 showed that our website design did prove accessible to users with different literacy levels. However, some users seemed to want still greater control over how information was accessed.
CONCLUSIONS
Educational level need not be an insuperable barrier to appreciating web-based access to detailed health-related information, provided that users feel they can quickly gain access to the specific information they seek.
背景
在开发互联网医疗干预措施的过程中，利用定性方法了解用户对其的看法，这被认为是一种良好的实践。本文旨在说明将可用性测试与“理论建模”相结合的优势，即分析定性研究在干预措施开发过程中的发现与社会科学理论之间的关系，以深入了解人们对干预措施的反应的原因和背景。本文通过两项定性研究来说明如何通过理论建模来丰富可用性测试，这两项研究探讨了用户对互联网干预措施中信息传递的看法，以帮助用户决定是否需要就医治疗感冒或流感症状。
方法
在研究 1 中，从英格兰南部的一个城市招募了 21 名参与者，要求他们在观看纸质格式呈现的网页草案时“出声思考”。在研究 2 中，通过“出声思考”的方法，在具有不同教育水平的 26 名参与者中，有目的地抽取了样本，以了解他们对我们原型网站的看法。两个数据集均采用主题分析进行分析。
结果
研究 1 表明，尽管草案网页提供的信息具有许多预期的赋权效益，但用户常常感到信息过多而不知所措。将这些发现与影响信息寻求偏好的因素的理论和研究联系起来，我们假设为了满足不同用户的需求（特别是那些文化水平较低的用户），我们的网站应设计为仅提供必要的个性化建议，但同时提供获取更多信息的选项。研究 2 表明，我们的网站设计确实对不同文化水平的用户都具有可访问性。然而，一些用户似乎希望对信息的获取方式拥有更大的控制权。
结论
文化水平不一定是欣赏基于网络的详细健康相关信息的不可逾越的障碍，只要用户感到他们可以快速获取他们所寻求的特定信息。
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