Department of Psychology, California State University Long Beach, 1250 N. Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2010 Sep;38(6):713-22. doi: 10.3758/MC.38.6.713.
For monolinguals, the Simon effect is eliminated when Simon task trials are intermixed with ones in which participants respond to the words left and right with incompatibly mapped keypresses. For bilingual Dutch/French speakers, this result has been shown to occur when the words are in Dutch (their first and primary language), but not when they are in French. To dissociate the influence of order in which the languages were learned from whether the language was the primary one currently being used, we tested bilinguals who learned Spanish or Vietnamese as their first language but for whom English became their primary language. For both groups, the incompatible location-word mapping influenced performance of the Simon task when the words were in English but not when they were in the first language. These findings indicate that the strength of language, not order of acquisition, is the critical factor.
对于单语者来说，当 Simon 任务试验与参与者用不兼容的按键映射对单词左和右做出反应的试验混合时，Simon 效应就会消除。对于荷兰语/法语双语者来说，当单词是荷兰语（他们的第一语言和主要语言）时，就会出现这种结果，但当单词是法语时，就不会出现这种结果。为了将语言学习的顺序的影响与当前主要使用的语言区分开来，我们测试了以西班牙语或越南语作为第一语言但英语成为主要语言的双语者。对于这两组双语者来说，当单词是英语时，不兼容的位置-单词映射会影响 Simon 任务的表现，但当单词是第一语言时，就不会影响。这些发现表明，关键因素是语言的强度，而不是习得的顺序。
