Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2010 Sep;25(3):631-40. doi: 10.1037/a0019268.
Resilience is often considered both a trait and a process. The current study proposes a new way to conceptualize resilience-as-process based on dynamical systems modeling, which allows researchers to capture the process of stress management in real time. Coupled damped linear oscillator models succinctly describe daily stress and negative affect in terms of developmental forces (e.g., velocity, acceleration). Models were fit to 56-day daily response data from 42 aging adults (M(age) = 78.8 years; SD(age) = 6.6 years) to observe and understand linkages between daily stress and affect. It was speculated that individuals with greater resilience would experience stress as less coupled to changes in negative affect (less stress reactivity), and would recover their affective equilibrium more quickly following a given exogenous stressor (greater stress recovery). To identify resilience resources related to reliable interindividual differences in coupling and damping between stress and negative affect, we examined possible protective factors. Aspects of personality and social support predicted both the strength and nature of this coupling, such that higher levels of these resources resulted in greater protection from the cost to negative affect from stress, as observed in damping of negative affect and decreased coupling between systems.
韧性通常被认为既是一种特质，也是一个过程。本研究提出了一种基于动力系统建模的韧性过程的新方法，该方法使研究人员能够实时捕捉压力管理过程。耦合阻尼线性振荡器模型简洁地描述了日常压力和负面情绪的发展力量（例如，速度、加速度）。对 42 名老年成年人（M（年龄）= 78.8 岁；SD（年龄）= 6.6 岁）56 天的日常反应数据进行了模型拟合，以观察和理解日常压力与情绪之间的联系。人们推测，具有更强韧性的个体将经历更少的压力与负面情绪变化相关（更少的压力反应性），并且在经历给定的外源性压力源后，能够更快地恢复情感平衡（更强的压力恢复）。为了确定与压力和负面情绪之间的耦合和阻尼的个体间可靠差异相关的韧性资源，我们研究了可能的保护因素。人格和社会支持的各个方面都预测了压力和负面情绪之间的这种耦合的强度和性质，即这些资源水平越高，从压力对负面情绪的影响中得到的保护就越大，如观察到的负面情绪的阻尼和系统之间的耦合减少。
