Germec-Cakan Derya, Canter Halil Ibrahim, Nur Burcu, Arun Tulin
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
J Craniofac Surg. 2010 Sep;21(5):1393-9. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181ec6976.
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical facial soft tissue measurements with the measurements of facial plaster cast, three-dimensional scanned facial plaster cast, 3-dimensional digital photogrammetrical images, and three-dimensional laser scanner images.
Three-dimensional facial images of 15 adults were obtained with stereophotogrammetry and a three-dimensional laser scanner. Facial models of subjects were obtained using silicone impression and were scanned. Landmarks were marked on the subjects and plaster casts, digitized on three-dimensional models, and measured in Mimics 12.0 software (Materialise's Interactive Medical Image Control System, Leuven, Belgium).
No statistically significant differences were found between all three-dimensional measurement methods in mouth width, philtrum median height, and nasal width. Comparison of clinical measurements with facial plaster cast measurements revealed that philtral width, nasal tip protrusion, and right lip and nostril heights were wider and longer in clinical measurements than in facial plaster cast measurements. Comparison of clinical measurements to the laser scanned and stereophotogrammetric model measurements revealed that philtrum lateral and lip heights and philtral width were significantly different between methods. When laser scanned and stereophotogrammetric measurements were compared, significant differences were observed in lip and nostril heights.
Facial impression may be problematic owing to the depression caused by the impression material especially on the tip of the nose. Laser scanning is not sensitive enough to visualize the deeper indentations such as nostrils. Stereophotogrammetry is promising for three-dimensional facial measurements and even will be better when color identification between mucocutaneous junctions of the lip region is achieved.
本研究旨在比较临床面部软组织测量结果与面部石膏模型测量结果、三维扫描面部石膏模型测量结果、三维数码摄影测量图像结果以及三维激光扫描图像结果。
采用立体摄影测量法和三维激光扫描仪获取15名成年人的三维面部图像。使用硅胶印模获取受试者的面部模型并进行扫描。在受试者和石膏模型上标记标志点，在三维模型上进行数字化处理，并在Mimics 12.0软件（Materialise公司的交互式医学图像控制系统，比利时鲁汶）中进行测量。
在口宽度、人中中位高度和鼻宽度方面，所有三维测量方法之间均未发现统计学上的显著差异。临床测量结果与面部石膏模型测量结果的比较显示，人中宽度、鼻尖突出度以及右侧唇和鼻孔高度在临床测量中比在面部石膏模型测量中更宽、更长。临床测量结果与激光扫描和立体摄影测量模型测量结果的比较显示，人中外侧和唇高度以及人中宽度在不同测量方法之间存在显著差异。当比较激光扫描和立体摄影测量结果时，在唇和鼻孔高度方面观察到显著差异。
面部印模可能存在问题，因为印模材料会造成凹陷，尤其是在鼻尖处。激光扫描对于可视化鼻孔等较深凹陷不够敏感。立体摄影测量法在三维面部测量方面具有前景，并且当能够实现唇部区域黏膜皮肤交界处的颜色识别时会更好。
