National Veterinary Institute, Department for Health Surveillance, POB 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway.
Int J Health Geogr. 2010 Sep 22;9:48. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-9-48.
Campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported zoonosis in the EU and the epidemiology of sporadic campylobacteriosis, especially the routes of transmission, is to a great extent unclear. Poultry easily become colonised with Campylobacter spp., being symptom-less intestinal carriers. Earlier it was estimated that internationally between 50% and 80% of the cases could be attributed to chicken as a reservoir. In a Norwegian surveillance programme all broiler flocks under 50 days of age were tested for Campylobacter spp. The aim of the current study was to identify simultaneous local space-time clusters each year from 2002 to 2007 for human cases of campylobacteriosis and for broiler flocks testing positive for Campylobacter spp. using a multivariate spatial scan statistic method. A cluster occurring simultaneously in humans and broilers could indicate the presence of common factors associated with the dissemination of Campylobacter spp. for both humans and broilers.
Local space-time clusters of humans and broilers positive for Campylobacter spp. occurring simultaneously were identified in all investigated years. All clusters but one were identified from May to August. Some municipalities were included in clusters all years.
The simultaneous occurrence of clusters of humans and broilers positive for Campylobacter spp. combined with the knowledge that poultry meat has a nation-wide distribution indicates that campylobacteriosis cases might also be caused by other risk factors than consumption and handling of poultry meat.Broiler farms that are positive could contaminate the environment with further spread to new broiler farms or to humans living in the area and local environmental factors, such as climate, might influence the spread of Campylobacter spp. in an area. Further studies to clarify the role of such factors are needed.
弯曲菌病是欧盟最常报告的动物源性传染病，散发性弯曲菌病的流行病学，尤其是传播途径，在很大程度上尚不清楚。家禽很容易感染弯曲菌属，成为无症状的肠道携带者。此前估计，国际上 50%至 80%的病例可能与鸡作为传染源有关。在挪威的一项监测计划中，所有 50 日龄以下的肉鸡都接受了弯曲菌属的检测。本研究的目的是使用多变量空间扫描统计方法，确定 2002 年至 2007 年期间人类弯曲菌病病例和肉鸡弯曲菌属检测阳性的每年同期局部时空聚集。人类和肉鸡同时发生的聚集可能表明存在与弯曲菌属传播相关的共同因素。
在所有调查年份都发现了人类和肉鸡弯曲菌属检测阳性的同期局部时空聚集。所有聚集但有一个是从 5 月到 8 月发现的。一些市镇连续几年都被列入聚集区。
人类和肉鸡弯曲菌属检测阳性的同时发生的聚集，再加上家禽肉在全国范围内分布的知识，表明弯曲菌病病例也可能是由除了食用和处理家禽肉之外的其他风险因素引起的。阳性的肉鸡养殖场可能会污染环境，进一步传播到新的肉鸡养殖场或生活在该地区的人类，当地的环境因素，如气候，可能会影响弯曲菌属在一个地区的传播。需要进一步的研究来阐明这些因素的作用。
