Jennings David, Rudolph Terry
Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BW, UK.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2010 Jun;81(6 Pt 1):061130. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.061130. Epub 2010 Jun 23.
We discuss quantum entanglement in the context of the thermodynamic arrow of time. We review the role of correlations in entropy-decreasing events and prove that the occurrence of a transformation between two thermodynamic states constitutes a new type of entanglement witness, one not defined as a separating plane in state space between separable and entangled states, but as a physical process dependent on the local initial properties of the states. Extending work by Partovi, we consider a general entangled multipartite system that allows large reversals of the thermodynamic arrow of time. We describe a hierarchy of arrows that arises from the different correlations allowed in a quantum state and examine these features in the context of Maxwell's Demon. We examine in detail the case of three qubits, and also propose some simple experimental demonstrations possible with small numbers of qubits.
我们在时间的热力学箭头的背景下讨论量子纠缠。我们回顾了相关性在熵减少事件中的作用，并证明两个热力学状态之间的转变的发生构成了一种新型的纠缠见证，这种纠缠见证不是被定义为可分离态和纠缠态在态空间中的分隔平面，而是被定义为一个依赖于态的局部初始性质的物理过程。扩展帕尔托维的工作，我们考虑一个允许时间的热力学箭头大幅反转的一般纠缠多体系统。我们描述了由量子态中允许的不同相关性产生的箭头层次结构，并在麦克斯韦妖的背景下研究这些特征。我们详细研究了三个量子比特的情况，还提出了一些使用少量量子比特就可能实现的简单实验演示。
