ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, ES-08860, Castelldefels, Spain.
Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
Nat Commun. 2017 Dec 19;8(1):2180. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02370-x.
The laws of thermodynamics, despite their wide range of applicability, are known to break down when systems are correlated with their environments. Here we generalize thermodynamics to physical scenarios which allow presence of correlations, including those where strong correlations are present. We exploit the connection between information and physics, and introduce a consistent redefinition of heat dissipation by systematically accounting for the information flow from system to bath in terms of the conditional entropy. As a consequence, the formula for the Helmholtz free energy is accordingly modified. Such a remedy not only fixes the apparent violations of Landauer's erasure principle and the second law due to anomalous heat flows, but also leads to a generally valid reformulation of the laws of thermodynamics. In this information-theoretic approach, correlations between system and environment store work potential. Thus, in this view, the apparent anomalous heat flows are the refrigeration processes driven by such potentials.
热力学定律虽然适用范围广泛，但已知在系统与环境相关联时会失效。在这里，我们将热力学推广到允许存在相关性的物理场景，包括存在强相关性的场景。我们利用信息与物理之间的联系，通过系统到浴槽的信息流，从条件熵的角度出发，系统地考虑信息，引入了一种一致的耗散重新定义。因此，对亥姆霍兹自由能的公式进行了相应的修正。这种补救措施不仅纠正了由于异常热流导致的 Landauer 删除原则和第二定律的明显违反，而且还导致了热力学定律的普遍有效的重新表述。在这种信息论方法中，系统和环境之间的相关性存储了工作潜力。因此，从这个角度来看，明显的异常热流是由这些势驱动的制冷过程。
