University of Maryland, Department of Psychology, 1147 Biology-Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2010 Nov;21(11):1563-9. doi: 10.1177/0956797610384742. Epub 2010 Sep 28.
Whether one is in one's native culture or abroad, one's personality can differ markedly from the personalities of the majority, thus failing to match the "cultural norm." Our studies examined how the interaction of individual- and cultural-level personality affects people's self-esteem and well-being. We propose a person-culture match hypothesis that predicts that when a person's personality matches the prevalent personalities of other people in a culture, culture functions as an important amplifier of the positive effect of personality on self-esteem and subjective well-being at the individual level. Across two studies, using data from more than 7,000 individuals from 28 societies, multilevel random-coefficient analyses showed that when a relation between a given personality trait and well-being or self-esteem exists at the individual level, the relation is stronger in cultures characterized by high levels of that personality dimension. Results were replicated across extraversion, promotion focus, and locomotive regulatory mode. Our research has practical implications for the well-being of both cultural natives and migrants.
无论是在本土文化中还是在国外，一个人的个性都可能与大多数人的个性有很大的不同，从而不符合“文化规范”。我们的研究考察了个体层面和文化层面的个性如何相互作用影响人们的自尊和幸福感。我们提出了一个人与文化匹配的假设，该假设预测当一个人的个性与文化中其他人的普遍个性相匹配时，文化就会成为个性对个体层面自尊和主观幸福感的积极影响的重要放大器。在两项研究中，我们使用了来自 28 个社会的 7000 多名个体的数据，多层次随机系数分析表明，当个体层面的某种个性特征与幸福感或自尊之间存在某种关系时，在具有该个性维度高水平的文化中，这种关系更强。外向、促进焦点和运动调节模式的结果都得到了复制。我们的研究对文化本地人以及移民的幸福感都具有实际意义。
