Universidade de Sorocaba, UNISO, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
Molecules. 2010 Aug 30;15(9):5956-70. doi: 10.3390/molecules15095956.
Extracts from Dipteryx alata bark obtained with different solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) were mixed in vitro with Bothrops jararacussu (Bjssu, 40 μg/mL) and Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt, 15 μg/mL) snake venoms, and applied to a mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation to evaluate the possible neutralization of venom effects. Cdt venom neurotoxic effect was not inhibited by any of the extracts, while the neurotoxic and myotoxic actions of Bjssu venom were decreased by the methanolic extract. This inhibition appears to be augmented by tannins. Dichloromethane bark extract inhibited ~40% of Bjssu venom effects and delayed blockade induced by Cdt. The methodology used to determine which extract was active allows inferring that: (i) phenolic acids and flavonoids contained in the methanolic extract plus tannins were responsible mostly for neutralization of Bjssu effects; (ii) terpenoids from the dichloromethane extract may participate in the anti-Cdt and anti-Bjssu venom effects; (iii) a given extract could not inhibit venoms from different species even if those belong to the same family, so it is improper to generalize a certain plant as antiophidian; (iv) different polarity extracts do not present the same inhibitory capability, thus demonstrating the need for characterizing both venom pharmacology and the phytochemistry of medicinal plant compounds.
从鱼尾葵树皮中用不同溶剂（己烷、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯和甲醇）提取的提取物与矛头蝮蛇（Bjssu，40μg/mL）和响尾蛇（Cdt，15μg/mL）蛇毒混合体外，并应用于小鼠膈神经-膈肌制备物，以评估毒液效应的可能中和作用。Cdt 毒液的神经毒性作用不受任何提取物的抑制，而 Bjssu 毒液的神经毒性和肌毒性作用则被甲醇提取物降低。这种抑制作用似乎被单宁增强。二氯甲烷树皮提取物抑制了 Bjssu 毒液作用的约 40%，并延迟了 Cdt 诱导的阻滞。用于确定哪种提取物具有活性的方法学允许推断：（i）甲醇提取物中的酚酸和类黄酮加上单宁主要负责中和 Bjssu 效应；（ii）二氯甲烷提取物中的萜类化合物可能参与抗 Cdt 和抗 Bjssu 毒液作用；（iii）即使属于同一科，一种提取物也不能抑制来自不同物种的毒液，因此不能将某一植物普遍归类为抗蛇毒；（iv）不同极性的提取物不具有相同的抑制能力，因此需要对毒液药理学和药用植物化合物的植物化学进行特征描述。
