Division of Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, Traumatology, Department of ENT, Hospital Karlsruhe, Moltkestr. 90, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 Jan;268(1):17-26. doi: 10.1007/s00405-010-1391-z. Epub 2010 Sep 29.
Despite the fact that many people suffer from it, an unequivocal definition of dry nose (DN) is not available. Symptoms range from the purely subjective sensation of a rather dry nose to visible crusting of the (inner) nose (nasal mucosa), and a wide range of combinations are met with. Relevant diseases are termed rhinitis sicca anterior, primary and secondary rhinitis atrophicans, rhinitis atrophicans with foetor (ozena), and empty nose syndrome. The diagnosis is based mainly on the patient's history, inspection of the external and inner nose, endoscopy of the nasal cavity (and paranasal sinuses) and the nasopharynx, with CT, allergy testing and microbiological swabs being performed where indicated. Treatment consists in the elimination of predisposing factors, moistening, removal of crusts, avoidance of injurious factors, care of the mucosa, treatment of infections and where applicable, correction of an over-large air space. Since the uncritical resection of the nasal turbinates is a significant and frequent factor in the genesis of dry nose, secondary RA and ENS, the inferior and middle turbinate should not be resected without adequate justification, and the simultaneous removal of both should not be done other than for a malignant condition. In this paper, we review both the aetiology and clinical presentation of the conditions associated with the symptom dry nose, and its conservative and surgical management.
尽管许多人患有干燥性鼻炎（DN），但目前尚无明确的定义。其症状范围从纯粹的鼻腔干燥感，到可见的（内）鼻腔（鼻黏膜）结痂，以及广泛的组合都可能出现。相关疾病被称为前干燥性鼻炎、原发性和继发性萎缩性鼻炎、伴有恶臭的萎缩性鼻炎（臭鼻症）和空鼻综合征。诊断主要基于患者的病史、外鼻和内鼻检查、鼻腔（和鼻窦）内窥镜检查以及鼻咽检查，在需要时进行 CT、过敏测试和微生物拭子检查。治疗包括消除诱发因素、保湿、清除结痂、避免有害因素、保护黏膜、治疗感染，以及在适用的情况下纠正过大的空气空间。由于鼻甲的盲目切除是干燥性鼻炎、继发性 RA 和 ENS 发生的重要和常见因素，因此在没有充分理由的情况下不应切除下鼻甲和中鼻甲，除非是恶性疾病，否则不应同时切除两者。本文回顾了与干燥性鼻炎相关症状相关的疾病的病因和临床表现，以及其保守和手术治疗。
