Johnson Nutrition Solutions, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49009, USA.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2010 Oct;50(9):848-71. doi: 10.1080/10408390903572479.
Snacking is a ubiquitous practice that has increased in recent years. However, the impact of snacking on the diet is difficult to assess because a variety of approaches have been used to define snacking (and snack foods) in the literature. This lack of a universally accepted definition complicates interpretation of the literature and limits the development of science-based recommendations for consumers. The purpose of this review is to illustrate this problem by showing that the conclusions derived from the literature are heavily dependent on the definition used or implied by the authors. It is suggested that the a universally accepted definition for snacking be developed by a coalition of stakeholders to provide a template for future research, guidance for the food industry and to enable the development of well-substantiated dietary recommendations.
吃零食是一种普遍存在的行为，近年来有所增加。然而，由于文献中采用了各种方法来定义零食（和零食食品），因此很难评估吃零食对饮食的影响。这种缺乏普遍接受的定义的情况使得对文献的解释变得复杂，并限制了基于科学的消费者建议的制定。本综述的目的是通过展示从文献中得出的结论严重依赖于作者使用或暗示的定义来说明这个问题。建议由利益相关者联盟制定一个普遍接受的零食定义，为未来的研究提供模板，为食品行业提供指导，并能够制定有充分依据的饮食建议。
