Gatenby S J
Institute of Food Research, Reading.
Br J Nutr. 1997 Apr;77 Suppl 1:S7-20. doi: 10.1079/bjn19970100.
It is commonly stated that 'snack' foods provide 'empty calories' and, therefore elevate energy intake whilst providing insignificant quantities of other nutrients. The data presented in the present review suggest that foods which contribute to the pattern of 'snacking' contribute significantly to the nutrient quality of the diet. Those who 'snack' frequently tend to eat more food in general. Part of the difficulty in identifying the nutritional implications of 'snacking' is related to the definitions of 'meals' and 'snacks' and subsequent categorization of individual patterns. The physiological definitions typically relating to energy content or the time of eating do not necessarily coincide with colloquial, cultural or individual perceptions of what constitutes a 'meal' or 'snack'. Clearly, a more consistent approach would facilitate interpretation of the literature and enable more effective health education messages about 'snacking' to be delivered.
人们通常认为，“零食”类食品提供的是“空热量”，因此在提供极少量其他营养素的同时却增加了能量摄入。本综述中列出的数据表明，构成“吃零食”模式的食品对饮食的营养质量有显著贡献。经常“吃零食”的人总体上往往摄入更多食物。确定“吃零食”对营养的影响存在部分困难，这与“正餐”和“零食”的定义以及随后对个人饮食模式的分类有关。通常与能量含量或进食时间相关的生理学定义不一定与关于什么构成“一顿饭”或“零食”的通俗、文化或个人认知相吻合。显然，采用更一致的方法将有助于对文献的解读，并能更有效地传递有关“吃零食”的健康教育信息。
