Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Eur J Public Health. 2011 Dec;21(6):738-43. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckq145. Epub 2010 Oct 6.
Active transport policies are being developed across Europe designed to have health and environmental benefits. There is little evidence of impact on physical activity of active transport strategies which modify the built environment. Cycling represents one virtually carbon-neutral form of transport that can help to address declining levels of exercise.
A systematic literature review of experimental or observational studies that objectively evaluated the effect of the built environment on cycling.
A total of 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, all of which were observational studies. Eleven studies identified objectively measured environmental factors with a significant positive association with cycling. The environmental factors identified as being positively associated with cycling included presence of dedicated cycle routes or paths, separation of cycling from other traffic, high population density, short trip distance, proximity of a cycle path or green space and for children projects promoting 'safe routes to school'. Negative environmental factors were perceived and objective traffic danger, long trip distance, steep inclines and distance from cycle paths. Of the seven studies which focused primarily on the impact of cycle routes, four demonstrated a statistically significant positive association.
Although the study identified environmental factors with positive and negative associations with cycling behaviour, many other types of environmental policies and interventions have yet to be rigorously evaluated. Policies promoting cycle lane construction appear promising but the socio-demographic distribution of their effects on physical activity is unclear. The wider impact of active transport policies on health and inequalities across Europe must be explored.
欧洲正在制定积极的交通政策，旨在实现健康和环境效益。然而，对于那些旨在改变建筑环境以促进积极交通的策略，其对身体活动的影响的证据却很少。骑自行车是一种几乎零碳排放的交通方式，可以帮助解决运动水平下降的问题。
对客观评估建筑环境对自行车骑行影响的实验或观察性研究进行系统文献回顾。
共有 21 项研究符合纳入标准，均为观察性研究。其中 11 项研究确定了与骑自行车有显著正相关的客观测量的环境因素。与骑自行车呈正相关的环境因素包括存在专用自行车道或路径、自行车与其他交通方式分离、人口密度高、短途旅行距离、自行车道或绿地的临近程度以及儿童项目推广“安全上学路线”。被感知到的和客观的交通危险、长途旅行距离、陡坡以及与自行车道的距离是负面的环境因素。在七个主要关注自行车道影响的研究中，有四个研究显示出了统计学上的显著正相关。
尽管该研究确定了与自行车骑行行为有正、负相关的环境因素，但许多其他类型的环境政策和干预措施尚未得到严格评估。促进自行车道建设的政策似乎很有前景，但它们对身体活动的社会人口分布影响尚不清楚。必须探索积极交通政策对欧洲健康和不平等的更广泛影响。
