Consens Statement. 1990;8(3):1-22.
The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on the Treatment of Sleep Disorders of Older People brought together clinical specialists in pulmonology, psychiatry, psychology, geriatrics, internal medicine, other health care providers, and the public to address the cause, diagnosis, assessment, and specific treatments of sleep disorders of older people. Following 1 1/2 days of presentations by experts and discussion by the audience, a consensus panel weighed the scientific evidence and prepared a consensus statement. Among their findings, the panel concluded that although sleep patterns change during the aging process most older people with sleep disturbances suffer from any of a variety of medical and psychosocial disorders. The panel recommended that the diagnostic evaluation of sleep disorders begin with a careful clinical evaluation performed by an informed primary care physician. When necessary, referrals should be made to individuals or centers with specialized skills and tools for therapy. The panel recognized two types of disorders for which treatment may be beneficial: obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia. The mainstay for treatment for sleep apnea is the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure. A thorough medical evaluation is essential prior to initiating treatment for insomnia, as its causes may be of psychiatric, pharmacological, or medical origin. The panel recommended that hypnotic medications not be the mainstay of treatment for insomnia as they may have habit forming potential if overused. The full text of the consensus panel's statement follows.
美国国立卫生研究院关于老年人睡眠障碍治疗的共识发展会议汇聚了肺病学、精神病学、心理学、老年医学、内科医学等领域的临床专家、其他医疗服务提供者以及公众，共同探讨老年人睡眠障碍的成因、诊断、评估及具体治疗方法。在专家进行了1.5天的陈述以及听众展开讨论之后，一个共识小组权衡了科学证据并起草了一份共识声明。在他们的研究结果中，该小组得出结论，尽管睡眠模式在衰老过程中会发生变化，但大多数有睡眠障碍的老年人患有各种医学和心理社会疾病中的一种。该小组建议，睡眠障碍的诊断评估应由知识渊博的初级保健医生进行仔细的临床评估开始。必要时，应转诊至具备专业技能和治疗工具的个人或中心。该小组确认了两类可能从治疗中受益的疾病：阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和失眠。治疗睡眠呼吸暂停的主要方法是使用鼻持续气道正压通气。在开始治疗失眠之前，全面的医学评估至关重要，因为其病因可能源于精神、药物或医学方面。该小组建议，催眠药物不应作为失眠治疗的主要手段，因为过度使用可能有成瘾的潜在风险。以下是共识小组声明的全文。
